高考英语介词用法.ppt

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1、介词(preposition)一介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句）构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词:at、in、on、for、to合成介词:within、inside、onto、throughout.短语介词:accordingto、outof、becauseof、bymeansof、inspiteof、insteadof双重介词：frombehind/above/under,untilafter分词介词：considering,includi

2、ng,judgingfrom/by1.Itisgoingtorainthisafternoonaccordingtotheweatherforecast.2.Hequarrelledwithheryesterday.3.Hesucceededinpassingthefinalexamination.4.I’mstillthinkingofhowIcanfulfillthetaskaheadoftime.5.TheprofessorwillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwell.总结1：介词后常接名词、代词、动名词

3、、从句、不定式组成介词短语。总结2:介词短语在句子中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补。Thismachineisingoodcondition.Whereisthekeytomybike?Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers二.介词搭配动词＋介词robsbofsth(clear/inform/cheat/remind/accuse/cure.etc)supplyuswithsth=supplysthto/forsb(provide/

4、fill)makesthof/from/into介词＋the+人体部位（strike/catch/hit/preventsbfromdoingpersuadesbinto/outofdoingsth(advise/warn/reason)buysthforsb(leave/get/win/gain/lose)tellsthtosb(show/teach/sing/write/read)givesthtosb(allow/promise/pass/hand)saytosb(suggest/explain/apologize/murmur/whi

5、sper)同一介词与不同动词（to/for/at…同一动词与不同介词的搭配(look/agree/hear/call/stand…2.形容词＋介词afraid/angry/anxious/tired/strict/goodpopular/pleased/known/familiar1.I’mafraid_____beinglateforschoolbecausemyheadteacherisverystrict_____us.2.Einsteinwasknown______histheoryofrelativity_____afamousph

6、ysicsscientist______theworld.3.Heisangry_____whathise-palhassaidforheistired_____beinglaughedatbyothers.4.Theboyisfamiliar______thefictionbecauseitisverypopular______teenagerssofar.3.名词＋介词1.Theabsence/lackofwateristhemostseriousproblem.2.Thegirlhasagoodway_____studyingEngli

7、sh.3.Thekey_____successliesindiligenceandwisdom.重点介词的用法归纳与辨析表示世纪、年、月、季、周用in/during,inthe1990s,inMay,inspring,inthefirstweekofJune2.在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上、前夕用on3.在某一时刻、或某一点时间用at.till,until,to的用法。1）till/until与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂动词连用用在否定句（在句首、强调句不用till).2)to表终结常与from连用from…to…fromtimetot

8、imefromhandtohandfromdoortodoorfromhousetohousefromone+名词＋toanother表“依次”名词+by+同一名词