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1、Pediatric RenalDiseasesDevelopmentaland PhysiologicalAspects1.Urinevolume: Newborns1~3ml/kg/h 3~10d100~300ml/d ~2m250~400ml/d ~1y400~500ml/d~3y500~600ml/d ~5y600~800ml/d ~8y600~1000ml/d ~14y800~1400ml/d >14y1000~1600ml/d▲Oliguria(lowurineoutput): Newborns<1ml/kg/h Infant&infancy<200ml/m2/d Pre-scho
2、olage<300ml/m2/d Schoolage<400ml/m2/d▲Anuria:<50ml/m2/d (newborns<0.5ml/kg/h)2.Routineurinetest2.1.Urinecolor--normallyyellow, colorchangesmaybenormal orabnormal2.2.PH:normalrange5~72.3.Specificgravity newborns–1.006~1.008, >1yearold–1.011~1.0252.4.Urineanalysis–freshlycollected andcentrifugalurine
3、●RBC<3/hpf●WBC<5/hpf●Casts–cellular(RBC,WBC)and granularcastsareabnormal, hyalinecastscanbenormal●Crystals–phosphateanduratecrystalsmaybenormal●Protein(Pro)–negative●Sugar(Glu)●Ketones(Ket)●Urobilinogen(Uro)●Bilirubin(Bil)3.AddiscountRBC<50,0000,WBC<1,000,000,Casts<50004.24htotalurinaryprotein less
4、than100mg/m2/d, or<4mg/m2/h, or<100mg/L, or<150mg/d5.Renalfunctiontests:BUN,Cr6.Imagingprocedures X-ray,Ultrasound,VCUG, Nuclearmedicine(99mTcDMSA,99mTcDTPA), IVPetc.7.RenalBiopsyGlomerular DiseasesClassify▲Clinicalclassify1.Primaryglomerulardiseases 1.1.Glomerulonephritis (Nephritis)﹉Acuteglomerul
5、onephritis﹉Rapidlyprogressiveglomerulo- nephritis(RPGN)﹉Persistentglomerulonephritis﹉Chronicglomerulonephritis﹉Rapidlyprogressiveglomerulo- nephritis(RPGN)﹉Persistentglomerulonephritis﹉Chronicglomerulonephritis1.2. Nephroticsyndrome(NS)﹉SimpletapeNS﹉NephritictapeNS1.3.Asymptomatic(isolated) hematur
6、iaorproteinuria 1.4.Familialnephritis 2.Secondaryglomerular diseases–itispartofmul- tisystemdisorder,e.g.–2.1.HepatitisBvirusrelated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN) 2.2.Purpuricnephritis 2.3.Lupusnephritis(LN)▲Pathologicclassify▲ImmunopathologyclassifyAcuteGlomerulonephritis (AGN)DefinitionGlomeruloneph
7、ritisisa variousgroupofdiseases–acute nephriticsyndrome.★Acutepoststreptococcalglomerulonephritis,APSGN(acutenephritis)●Incidenceage:in5~14yearsold●peakage:3~7yearsold●Boys>girls=2:1●Incidencepeak:Jan.Feb.
