欧盟历史和机构介绍.ppt

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1、EUROPEANUNIONABRIEFINTRODUCTIONtoHISTORYandINSTITUTIONSORIGINSAstrongandwidelysharedwilltoinitiateclosepoliticalcooperationamongtheEuropeanstatesintheaftermathofWorldWar2SomepoliticiansadvocatedcreationofafederalEuropeanstatelikeCanadaorUSAinordertoinst

2、itutionalisecooperationandinterdependencetosuchadegreeastomakewaramongEuropeannationstatesunthinkableeveragainORIGINSTherewerehoweverseriousdivergencesofviewastohowbestthecooperationcouldbeactualisedIntergovernmentalism:anapproachtocooperationwhichinvol

3、vesnosurrenderofpoliticalsovereigntybyparticipatingstatesandwhereallcollaborativedecisionsarereachedthereforebyunanimityORIGINSSupranationalistapproach:herenationstateswilltransfersomeelementsoftheirsovereignpowertoacentralauthoritytofacilitateeffective

4、decisionmakingandcloserintegration.Afederalstate(orintheextremeaunitarystate)isthestrongestexpressionofthis.DecisionmakingisnotnowdependentonunanimityamongthestatesbutcanbereachedbysomeformofmajorityvotingORIGINSInthepost1945debatestheintergovernmentala

5、pproachwasstronglyupheldbyBritainNorwaySwedenDenmarkSwitzerlandAustriawhilethesupranationalapproachwasfavouredbyFranceGermanyItalyBelgiumNetherlandsLuxembourgORIGINSTwoFrenchmenwereleadingproponentsofthefederalistapproach:JeanMonnetandRobertSchumanWhent

6、heyrealisedthatEuropewasnotyetreadyforafullblownfederalsetuptheydecidedtopromoteintegrationbyamoresubtleandgradualistroute:throughastepbystepeconomicintegrationORIGINSThefirstachievementofthisapproachwastheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC)setupin1951T

7、hisinvolvedcompletefreeingoftradeincoalandsteeltogetherwiththeadoptionofcommonsupranationallydefinedpoliciesinrespectofallformsofgovernmentinterventioninthesectorORIGINSECSCwassuchasuccessthatthefoundingmembers,FranceGermanyItalyBelgiumNetherlandsLuxemb

8、ourgweresoonconsideringmoreambitiousformsofintegrationFrancehoweverwashesitantandFrenchParliamentrejectedaplanforaEuropeanDefenceCommunityin1954;suchintegrationseemedtooovertlypoliticalORIGINSNonethelessifintegrationwasconfinedto