设计模式、数据结构及架构.pdf

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1、架构、设计模式、数据结构李建奇V1.02011‐1‐10V1.12011‐3‐10‐‐ 抽象是最重要的架构技能一.首先要理解业务¢先作，数据流图，状态图¢数据驱动设计¢再理解业务的特点，请求的分布二.用有限的资源战胜价值(需求),关键是平衡和抉择ò架构要抽象掉细节。ò首先设定资源限制，其次才设计ò理解feature的重要程度。三.不要让细节，麻痹最重要的架构决定和“道”一样，架构图，好像谁都可以做。架构师，不是设计师，更不是程序员。四.架构师需实现核心原形系统五.要简化问题，但是不要太简单,balanceEssentialcomplexityrepresentsthedifficult

2、yinherentinanyproblem.六.技能òImportantskill:abilitytoestimateperformanceofasystemdesign–withoutactuallyhavingtobuildit!ò理解系统每个模块的实现，Understandeverycomponent’simplementation.ò知道的东西要多，这样，架构的时候，就有选择七.PhilosophyanddisciplineòBeawareofcontextòExtrememaintenanceòBepragmaticòPreferDescriptiontocodingòExt

3、remeabstract:Programtoaninterface(abstraction),notanimplementationòExtremeseparationofconcernsòExtremereadabilityòTestabilityòNosideeffectòDonotrepeatyourself八.DesignPrincipleDIP，dependencyinversionofcontrolOCP,opencloseLSP,liskovsubstituteISP,interfacesegregationSRP,singleresponsibilityLKP,Leas

4、eknowledgeprinciple九.DataStructure&algorithms算法是软件的核心。1logNNnLongNDividedandconquerorRb‐treeB+tree十.ArchitecturepatternStructurepatternHierarchal,上层的东西，要抽象掉下层的差异。PipesandfilterMicrokernelBrokerBlackBoardInterpreterConnectionpattern:DirectRPCAsynchronousRPCMessagequeueserverPublish–subscribeMessa

5、geBroker(informationbus)十一.ArchitecturetacticHowtoconquerqualityattributeScalabilitytactica)Stretchkeydimensions(10X–20X)toseewhatbreaksb)BottleneckmustbeIO(diskandnet)AvailabilitytacticModifiabilitytacticPerformancetactica)Speed‐updataconversionb)Occupyrecourseasshortaspossiblec)Batchoperationd

6、)MinimizeremotecallsandotherI/OTestabilitytacticUsabilitytactic1.Restartable2.Allowrollbackstopreviousversions.Necessaryincaseofanerrorinanupdate.3.Monitorandinstrumenteverything,andgiveenoughfaultinformationfordiagnosis.Savemoreinformationthane.g.just'Aqueryhasfailed'.Savequery,time,errormessag

7、eandifpossiblethestateoftheapplication.4.Makeeverythingconfigurable.Makediagnosisoptionsconfigurable,ratherthanaddingthemwhenasystemisfailing.Addingmonitoringtoafailingsystemisaskingforproblems.十二.DesignpatternConstructionBe