土木工程毕业设计外文翻译最终中英文.doc

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1、7Rigid-FrameStructuresArigid-framehigh-risestructuretypicallycomprisesparallelororthogonallyarrangedbentsconsistingofcolumnsandgirderswithmomentresistantjoints.Resistancetohorizontalloadingisprovidedbythebendingresistanceofthecolumns,girders,andjoints.Thecontinuityoftheframealsocontributestoresistin

2、ggravityloading,byreducingthemomentsinthegirders.Theadvantagesofarigidframearethesimplicityandconvenienceofitsrectangularform.Itsunobstructedarrangement,clearofbracingmembersandstructuralwalls,allowsfreedominternallyforthelayoutandexternallyforthefenestration.Rigidframesareconsideredeconomicalforbui

3、ldingsofupto'about25stories,abovewhichtheirdriftresistanceiscostlytocontrol.If,however,arigidframeiscombinedwithshearwallsorcores,theresultingstructureisverymuchstiffersothatitsheightpotentialmayextendupto50storiesormore.Aflatplatestructureisverysimilartoarigidframe,butwithslabsreplacingthegirdersAs

4、witharigidframe,horizontalandverticalloadingsareresistedinaflatplatestructurebytheflexuralcontinuitybetweentheverticalandhorizontalcomponents.Ashighlyredundantstructures,rigidframesaredesignedinitiallyonthebasisofapproximateanalyses,afterwhichmorerigorousanalysesandcheckscanbemade.Theproceduremaytyp

5、icallyincludethefollowingstages:1.Estimationofgravityloadforcesingirdersandcolumnsbyapproximatemethod.2.Preliminaryestimateofmembersizesbasedongravityloadforceswitharbitraryincreaseinsizestoallowforhorizontalloading.3.Approximateallocationofhorizontalloadingtobentsandpreliminaryanalysisofmemberforce

6、sinbents.4.Checkondriftandadjustmentofmembersizesifnecessary.5.Checkonstrengthofmembersforworstcombinationofgravityandhorizontalloading,andadjustmentofmembersizesifnecessary.6.Computeranalysisoftotalstructureformoreaccuratecheckonmemberstrengthsanddrift,withfurtheradjustmentofsizeswhererequired.This

7、stagemayincludethesecond-orderP-Deltaeffectsofgravityloadingonthememberforcesanddrift..7.Detaileddesignofmembersandconnections.Thischapterconsidersmethodsofanalysisforthedeflectionsandforcesforbothgra