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1、OECDcountryreviewsofnationalinnovationsystem-AnintroductionGangZHANGPrincipalAdministrator,OECDDirectorateforScience,TechnologyandIndustryPresentationattheUNESCOSymposiumonComparativeAnalysisofNationalResearch1Systems162008Outline•OECDcountryreviewsofNIS:–Backgroundof
2、thenewinnovationreviews–Features,objectiveandfocusofthenewreviews–ScopeandProcess–Impact•InsightsfromOECDChinainnovationreview:aspecialfull-fledgedcountyreview–Backgroundandrationale–Objectivesanddesign–Implementation–Roadmap–Experiencelearned2OECDCountryS&TreviewsHis
3、toricalbackgroundofOECDS&Treviews•ReviewsofS&Tpolicywerecarriedoutsinceearly1960s,untilmid-1990s,concentratingintwoperiods:–1963-1974(19reviews)–1981-1996(19reviews)•1996-mid-2000:noreviews;ashiftoffocuson–NISapproachasanorganisingframeworkfornewreviews;–thematicrevie
4、wstoexplorespecificaspectsofS&Tpoliciesmorein-depth,andforcomparisonsamongsmallergroupsofcountries.3AnewwaveofcountryIinnovationreviewssincemid-2000s•Since2005,arenewedinterestinNISreviews;•Completed:Luxembourg,Switzerland,NewZealand,Chile,SouthAfrica,andChina;•Ongoin
5、gI:Norway,KoreaandMexico;•OngoingII:Hungary,Greece,Turkey;•Reviewsrequestedfor2008-9:Russia,andanumberothersunderdiscussion,etc.4Factorsbehindtherenewedinterestininnovationpolicyreviews•Knowledgeeconomy:Innovationadriverforgrowth,andInnovationpolicyhasmoveduponthepoli
6、cyagenda,andhasbecomeclosertothecoreofeconomicpolicymaking;•Globalisation:Manycountriesperceiveaneedofmakingtheirinnovationpolicymoreeffective,notleasttobetterrespondtothechallengesandopportunitiesofglobalisation;•NISframeworkapproach:Recentlytherehasbeenrenewedintere
7、stinoverallassessmentsofinnovationpolicy,basedonaninnovationsystemsframework•Competitivenessconcern:Thereisastronginterestintherelationbetweeninnovationpolicyandinnovationperformanceandeconomicperformance/competitiveness•Broadinterest:TheinterestforanOECDreviewisshare
8、dbycountriesofdifferentlevelsofeconomicdevelopmentandinnovationperformance,bothMembersandnon-MembersoftheOECD,reflectinganin
