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1、第三部分阅读理解命题原则分析主题句细节句原则:阅读理解文章以及文章中的每一个段落都是由不同的功能句组成的。根据功能句的特点和作用,可以将句子分成两类:主题句和细节句。段落的主题句可以出现在段首,也可以出现在段尾,有时也出现在段落中间。如果出现在段落中间,必须在转折意义的but,however,surprisingly,virtually,indeed,infact,yet或now的后面,否则段首或段尾的语言完整,形式简洁,观点明确的句子即为主题句。即,段落摆在面前,首先跳读段落中间句:如果中间句前有转折词,那么转折词所在句
2、一般是主题句;如果中间句前没有转折词,那么段落首句后者尾句语言完整,形式简洁,观点明确的句子即为主题句。而细节句的特点为:举例子(时间、空间、人称转移),作统计(百分数),引引语(直接引语和间接引语:直接引语即可能是主题句也可能是细节句(引号的内容是细节句的五个特点,该句子是细节句;引号的内容是语言完整,形式简洁,观点明确的句子一定是主题句)),做实验(准备、过程、结论),打比方(比喻、比较、疑问)和做列举。例如,Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentswort
3、hwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchage
4、ntmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.文章主题句分析:利用“主题句---细节句原则”:段落中间句没有转折词,段落尾句Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.中“havinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.”是比喻句,为细节。因此段落首句“Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearcha
5、gentsworthwhile.即使那些不找工作的人也发现搜索引擎有价值。”为主题句。再如,Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofri
6、ghteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthat
7、thespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.文章主题句分析:利用“主题句—细节句原则”,该段段落中间句前没有转折词,确定段落中间句不是主题句,主题句是段落首句或者尾句;段落首句Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.是间接引语,并且是把人和猴子进行比较表示不确定,明确是细节;因此段落尾句是主题句“However,whethersuc
8、hasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredq