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1、Anal.Chem.XXXX,xxx,000000Field-FlowFractionation:AddressingtheNanoChallengeS.KimRatanathanawongsWilliams,J.RayRunyon,andAkramA.AshamesColoradoSchoolofMinesField-flowfractionationiscomingofageasafamilyofanalyticalmethodsforseparatingandcharacterizingmacromolecules,nanoparticles
2、,andparticulates.TheROBERTGATEScapabilitiesandversatilityofthesetechniquesaredis-cussedinlightofthechallengesthatarebeingaddressedinanalyzingnanometer-sizedsamplecomponentsandtheinsightsgainedthroughtheiruseinapplicationsrangingfrommaterialssciencetobiology.(Tolistentoapodcas
3、taboutthisfeature,pleasegototheAnalyticalChemistrymultimediapageatpubs.acs.org/page/ancham/audio/index.html.)In1966,thelateJ.CalvinGiddingsintroducedfield-flowfraction-ation(FFF),achromatography-liketechniquewithanessentiallyone-phasenaturethatgivesitapotentialadvantageinsepara
4、ting1macromoleculesandcolloids.Theensuingyearsbroughttre-mendousinnovationsininstrumentationthatutilizeddifferenttypesoffields,advancesinunderstandingthebehavioroftheselargeanalytesinlaminarflowstreamsinconfinedchannels,andnumerousapplicationsthatdemonstratedtheversatilityofFFF.
5、However,asrecentlyasthemid-1990s,FFFwasstilldescribedasaninterestingtechniquelookingforaniche.Researchinfieldssuchasnanoscienceandnanotechnologyandbiotechnologysubsequentlyexploded.Itisrecognizedthatthesenanometer-sizedanalytesareusuallynotmonodispersedandinfactcanundergodynam
6、icinteractionsthatcausequantitativeshiftsinsubpopulations.Newmetrologiesandanalyticalmethodstoinvestigatepropertiesandvalidatetheoreticalandbehavioraldiseasebiomarkers.Separatingthesecomplexandpolydispersemodelsinthissizeregimewereurgentlyneeded.samplesintosimplerunitsforfurt
7、heranalysisandtestingiskeyAsthe“nano”revolutionunfolds,challengesarisefromtheingainingdetailedinsightsthatwouldotherwisebeunachievable.diverseprimaryandsecondarypropertiessuchassize,shape,FFFisafamilyoftechniquesthatwasdesignedtoseparatearchitecture,composition,opticalandelec
8、tronicproperties,andandmeasurephysicochemicalpropertiesofcomplexmacr
