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1、2014,33(10):2047-2052农业环境科学学报2014年10月JournalofAgro-EnvironmentScience死猪堆肥处理通风率的优化试验*尚斌,陶秀萍,董红敏,郭东坡,郝凤佩,黄文强,王悦(中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,北京100081)摘要:利用箱式堆肥法对死猪堆肥处理通风率参数进行优化,试验设置通风速率为100、80、60L·min-1·m-33组处理,每组处理3个重复。堆肥箱的长宽高尺寸均为1m,每个箱体处理死猪质量为57.7耀58.5kg,发酵原料为猪粪和秸秆。结果表明:各处
2、理日平均温度超过55益的时间均达35d以上,满足粪便无害化的相关要求;经46d的堆肥发酵后,死猪仅剩余部分骨骼,3组处理的死猪降解率(湿重)分别为(95.6依1.1)豫、(94.6依2.2)豫和(96.2依1.5)豫,不同处理无显著性差异;堆肥过程不同处理的物料同一特性变化规律一致,堆肥结束时物料中粪大肠菌群数为3MPN·g-1、pH值为8.3耀8.4、有机质含量(干基)为45.5豫耀51.1豫,均满足NY525—2012《有机肥料》行业标准中相关技术指标的要求。死猪堆肥处理的实际应用中,选择60L·min-1·m-3的通风率为宜。关键词:好氧堆肥;无害化;动物尸体
3、;资源化利用中图分类号:X713文献标志码:A文章编号:1672-2043(2014)10-2047-06doi:10.11654/jaes.2014.10.024OptimumVentilationRatesforPigCarcassCompostingSHANGBin,TAOXiu-ping,DONGHong-min*,GUODong-po,HAOFeng-pei,HUANGWen-qiang,WANGYue(InstituteofEnvironmentandSustainableDevelopmentinAgriculture,ChineseAcademyof
4、AgriculturalSciences/KeyLabofEnergyConservationandWasterTreatmentofAgriculturalStructures,MinistryofAgriculture,Beijing100081,China)Abstract:TheconventionaldisposalofdeadanimalcarcassesislandburialinChina.However,itposesapotentialcontaminationrisktogroundwateratburialsites.Compostingca
5、rcassesnotonlygreatlyreducesthevolumeandmassofthewastes,butalsodestroyspathogens.Ventilationisakeyfactorinfluencingthecompostingefficiency.Hereanexperimentwasconductedusingcompostingbinstodeterminetheoptimumventilationrateofdeadpigcomposting.Thedimensionsofthecompostingbinwere1m(length
6、)伊1m(width)伊1m(height).Threeventilationratesof100L·min-1·m-3,80L·min-1·m-3and60L·min-1·m-3,designatedrespectivelyastreatment1,2,and3,weredesignedwith3replicatecompostingbinseachtreatment.Deadpigswithatotalweightof57.7耀58.5kgwereputinthecenterofeachbincontainingmixtureofcornstalksandpig
7、manure.Thecompostsobtainedunderaveragedailytemperatureover55益for45d,35d,and43dfortreat-ment1,2and3,respectively,metthenationalstandard.Thedegradationrates(wetbasis)ofdeadpigsafter46dfermentationwere(95.6依1.1)豫,(94.6依2.2)豫and(96.2依1.5)豫fortreatment1,2and3,respectively,withnosignifican