2010新能源技术-221-光伏发电概述(学时1).ppt

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1、太阳能光电转换技术（光伏发电）新能源技术教学1outline太阳电池发展概述太阳电池用硅材料制备技术太阳能电池的基本原理晶体硅太阳电池非晶硅太阳电池2一、太阳电池发展概述1、何谓太阳能电池？是一种能量转换的光电器件光伏—PhotovoltaicPhoto-Light，Voltaic-Electricity太阳电池SolarCell32、太阳电池的种类（按材料的种类来区分）单晶硅Singlecrystalsilicon多晶硅multicrystalsilicon非晶硅amorphoussilicon,a-SiⅢ-Ⅴ族

2、化合物（GaAs,InP,InGaP）Ⅱ-Ⅵ族化合物（CdTe,CuInSe2）其它（如染料敏化电池）材料特点：均为半导体！4Sectionfromtheperiodictable.Morecommonsemiconductormaterialsareshowninblue53、太阳电池的商业化程度6无机太阳能电池的性能及应用74、早期太阳电池的发展历史（1）光伏效应PhotovoltaicEffectEdmondBecquerel(1839),FirstPhotovoltaicDevicesDiagramofapp

3、aratusdescribedbyBecquerel(1839)液结太阳电池8EdmondBecquerelappearstohavebeenthefirsttodemonstratethephotovoltaiceffect.Workinginhisfather'slaboratoryasanineteenyearold,hegeneratedelectricitybyilluminatinganelectrodewithdifferenttypesoflight,includingsunlight.Bestres

4、ultswereobtainedwithblueorultravioletlightandwhenelectrodeswerecoatedwithlightsensitivematerialsuchasAgClorAgBr.Althoughheusuallyusedplatinumelectrodes,healsoobservedsomeresponsewithsilverelectrodes.Hesubsequentlyfoundauseforthephotovoltaiceffectbydevelopingan"

5、actinograph"whichwasusedtorecordthetemperatureofheatedbodiesbymeasuringtheemittedlightintensity.94、早期太阳电池的发展（1）光伏效应PhotovoltaicEffectAdamsandDay(1877),thefirstallsolid-statesystemSamplegeometryusedbyAdamsandDay(1876)fortheinvestigationofthephotoelectriceffectsi

6、nselenium.10Heatedplatinumcontactswerepushedintooppositeendsofsmallcylindersofvitreousselenium.TheobjectiveofoneexperimentconductedbyAdamsandDayuponsuchspecimenswastosee'whetheritwouldbepossibletostartacurrentintheseleniummerelybytheactionoflight.Theresultwaspo

7、sitive!Thiswasthefirstdemonstrationofthephotovoltaiceffectinanallsolid-statesystem.AdamsandDayattributedthephotogeneratedcurrentstolightinducedcrystallizationoftheouterlayersoftheseleniumbar.Severaldecadesweretopassbeforethedevelopmentofphysicsallowedmoreinsigh

8、tintothisprocess.114、早期太阳电池的发展(2)第一个太阳电池CharlesFritts(1883)，Se薄膜电池，能量转换效率小于1%Thin-filmseleniumdemonstratedbyFrittsin1883.12Thenextsignificantstepforwardcamesevenyearslaterwi