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1、宁波大学答题纸（2010—2011学年第2学期）课号：132M04A00课程名称：环境生物技术概论改卷教师：学号：096050083姓名：刘静得分：ExtrememicrobesanditsapplicationAbstract:Extremophilesaresuitableforthemicrobiallifeinextremeconditions,thefollowingintroducestheircharacteristicsandapplicationvalue.Keywords:E
2、xtremophilesdistributioncharacteristicsapplicationExtremophilesaremicroorganismslivinginavarietyofextremeenvironmentscollectively,includingthermophilics,crymophilics,acidophilics,alkalophilics,barophilicsmetallophilics,radiation-resistants,siccostabi
3、lesandextremeoxygen-obliquetones,andothertypes.Tothedevelopmentandutilizationofresources,theyareofvitalsignificance.Thetextmainlyintroducesthethermophilic,crymophilic,acidophilic,basophilic,barophilicextrememicrobesandtheirapplicationvalues.1.Thermop
4、hilicmicroorganismsTheyarecommonlyknownashightemperaturestrainofthermophilicbacteria,widelydistributedinhotsprings,heaps,organiccompost,coaldumps,strongsolarradiationheating,geothermalsoilsandlandandsubmarinevolcanosuchhightemperatureenvironments.And
5、mostoptimumgrowthtemperatureofthermophilicbacteriais50°C—65°C,thermophilicbacteriaofoptimalgrowthtemperatureisbetweenat65-70°C.Abnormalgrowthrateofthermophilicbacterium,logarithmicgrowthperioddurationshorter,fastermetabolism,enzymaticreactiontemperat
6、uresarehigh,stabilitytoheatwell.Foodsrichinsaturatedfattyacidsofcellmembraneofthermophilicbacteriumsothatmembranecanremainstableunderhightemperatureandfunctioning.Inrecentyears,thermophilichasbeenextensiveattention,somethermophiliccanbeusedformine,pe
7、troleumandbacterialeachingcoaldesulfurization;Thermophilicfungitypicallyfoundincompost,haystackandbrokenwoodpileofhightemperature,suchasenvironment,helpsomeoftheorganicmatterdegradation;Inthefermentationindustry,thermophilicbacteriacouldbeusedtoprodu
8、ceavarietyofenzymes,suchascelluloseenzyme,protease,amylase,lipaseandenzymessuchasinulin,theseenzymecatalyticreactionratewithgoodthermalstability,high,easilysavedatroomtemperature.Thermophilicbacteriaisoneofthemostdramaticresultsinthestudyofheatresist
