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1、Chapter9IntelligenceIntroductiontoPsychologyPekingUniversity7/22/20211什么是聪明？7/22/20212IntelligenceTheapplicationofcognitiveskillsandknowledgetolearn,solveproblems,andobtainendsthatarevaluedbyanindividualorculture.(Gardner,1983)7/22/20213OutlinesThenatureofintelligenceIntelligencetestingApproa
2、chestointelligenceHeredityandintelligenceTheextremesofintelligenceSomeconcludingthoughts7/22/202141TheNatureofIntelligenceThemultifacetednatureofintelligenceThefunctionalnatureofintelligenceCulturallydefinedDefinitionofintelligence7/22/202151.1Themultifacetednatureofintelligence7/22/202161.2F
3、unctionalNatureofIntelligenceThecapacityforgoal-directedadaptivebehavior.(Sternberg&Salter,1982)7/22/202171.3CultureallyDefinedCulturesguidetheirmembersinefficientwaysofsolvingeverydayproblems,andthesestrategiesbecomepartofthewayindividualsthink.(Vygotsky,1978)7/22/202181.4DefinitionofIntelli
4、genceTheapplicationofcognitiveskillsandknowledgetolearn,solveproblems,andobtainendsthatarevaluedbyanindividualorculture.(Gardner,1983)7/22/20219IntelligenceViewpointoflaypersonRelatedconceptsSkillKnowledgeAptitudeIntelligenceMentalability7/22/2021102IntelligenceTestingPsychometricinstrumentsI
5、ntelligencetestsSirFrancisGalton(1822-1911)UpperclasseswerethemostintelligentSimpleperceptual,sensory,andmotorabilities10,000(1884)Fatherofmentaltest/pioneeringstatistician7/22/2021112.1BinetScaleAlfredBinet(1857-1911)(1905)foreducationcommissionBinet&Simon(1908)AbilitiesincreasewithageMental
6、Age,MA----Chronologicalage,CATheaverageageatwhichchildrenachieveaparticularscore.ItemSelection7/22/2021122.2IntelligenceTestinginUSALewisTermanStanford-Binetscale(1916)IQ,IntelligenceQuotient=(MA/CA)*100DifferencefromBinet(MA,IQ,norm)GroupTestsArmyAlpha&ArmyBetaTestScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT)
7、TheWechslerIntelligenceScales7/22/202113TheWechslerIntelligenceScalesDavidWechslerMinimizingthelinguisticandculturalbiasesWechsler-Bellevuetests(1939)WAIS-R,WechslerAdultIntelligenceScale-Revised(1939,1955,1981)WISC-R,WechslerIntelligenceScal
