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1、文献综述包含的内容1)介绍有关的概念以及综述的范围,扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点。2)已经完成的相关研究,各方的观点,知名学者的意见。根据需要可按年代顺序综述,可按不同的问题进行综述,还可按不同的观点进行比较综述。3)需要进一步探究的问题总结。4)本文将提出的问题以及在相关问题上本文将作的探究和预期的学术贡献。5)参考文献。撰写文献综述需注意的事项1)文献综述绝不是文献的简单堆积,应与自己的论题结合起來,既要综合、叙述,又要比较、评价,两者紧密结合,不能只“述”不“评”。2)文献综述应尽可能比
2、较全面地反映该领域国内外的研究现状。3)应该客观地将相关论著的内容表述出来,不能随便把自己的观点强加给作者。进行评论时,要把自己的观点与文献的观点分开,不能将两者混淆起来。4)应该洞察出目前的研究的不足之处,并提出自己的观点。写好文献综述的技巧Beginwithoveralltrendsintheresearchandthenexaminespecificstudiestorepresentthetrendsortohighlightimportantaspects・Donotlookforfla
3、wsinindividualstudiesbutfocusonwhathasnotbeenade・quatelyresearched(thegap).Usetopicsentencesatthestartofparagraphsandsectionstohighlightsimilaritiesanddifferences,orpointsofagreementanddisagreement.Writeitasastoryinsteadofasalist.Concludetheliteratur
4、eportionwithanoverviewofwhatisknownandwhatislefttoexplore.文献综述常用语1.用以表明某人的观点或所做的研究:state,indicate,discuss,describe,observe,find,show,propose,suggest2.用以表示某人所强调的观点或补充说明:add,note,payparticularattentionto,emphasize,goontosay,beginby,concludeby3.用以说明某人所坚持
5、地论点:argue,contend,maintain,believe4.用以表达某人未经正式的观点:claim,allege,imply5.提出该领域尚未解决的问题和需要进一步研究的重点Althoughmuchworkhasbeendoneon...,morestudiesneedtobeconductedto...Littleresearchhasbeendoneon...Fewstudieshaveexamined…Noneofthefindingsindicate...Althoughmuc
6、hresearchhasbeendevotedto...ratherlessattentionhasbeenpaidto...Whilemanystudieshaveexamined...farfewerhaveexamined.・・However,researchtodatehasmostlyconcentratedon.../beenlimitedto.../beenrestrictedto.../sufferedfrom.../overlooked.../neglectedtoconside
7、r.../failedtoconsider.../disregarded.../ignored...Attemptstoestablishalinkbetween•••and...arelimited/inconclusive/incomplete/unconvincing/questionable/unsatisfactory/misguided/flawedThusitwouldbeofinteresttolearnhow…Itwouldseem,therefore,thatfurtherin
8、vestigationisneededintheareaof...inordertoconfirm...Previousworkshowsthatthe•••methodisusefulforanalyzing....Thispaperusesthe...methodtofurtherexplore...Recentdevelopmentsintheuseof...technologyclearlyhasgreatpotentialin....Inthispaper,wedemon