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时间:2020-03-23
《三门峡水库的功过与经验教训.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、第35卷第11期人民黄河V01.35.No.112013年11月YELLOWRIVERNOV..2013【重点关注】三门峡水库的功过与经验教训鞣舆为(中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100044)摘要:三门峡水库是黄河上建设最早的大型水利枢纽工程,分析其功过与经验教训对今后黄河治理开发具有重要意义。分析认为:三门峡水利枢纽规划是错误的,没有考虑水库淤积的“翘尾巴”问题,坝址选择不3"-;改建是成功的,经过数次改进,摸索和总结出了使水库长期运行的蓄清排浑调度模式,1974—1985年三门峡水库冲淤已达到平衡;三门峡水库对黄河下游发挥了巨大防洪效益,其防洪效益不在于水库调
2、洪,而在于拦沙92亿t、为下游河道减淤约64亿t,平均减淤厚度为3.30in。三门峡水库成功的运用实践证实了多沙河流水库长期使用的可行性,由于黄河泥沙多,因此除调水调沙增强输沙能力外,还需要通过水库和放淤等措施拦蓄、利用一部分泥沙。关键词:泥沙淤积;蓄清排浑;冲淤平衡;防洪;三门峡水库;黄河中图分类号:TV61;TV882.1文献标志码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1000.1379.2013.11.001ContributionsandBlundersbyBuildingSanmenxiaReservoirHANQi·wei(ChinaInstitu
3、teofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch,Beijing100044,China)Abstract:SanmenxiaReservoiristhefirstlargehydraulicprojectconstructedontheYellowRiver.Analyzingitscontributionsandblunderswillmakealessonforthefurtherworkonharnessingthefiver.Seriousbackwaterdepositsoccurredsincethesiteofrese
4、rvoirisawrongchoiceinpr0jectplanning.Butlaterontherebuildingworkandoperationalmodeadoptedaresuccessfu1.Theoperationalmodeofstoringclearwateranddischargingmuddyisasuccessfulonetokeepthereservoiroperatedinlongterm.Thefactsthatthereservoirdepositionanderosionhadbeeninequilibriumfrom1974t
5、o1985andtheextincteffectofreservoiroperationonfloodcontrolofthelowerYellowRivershowedthecontributionofreservoirrecon—struction.Thefunctionoffloodpreventionisnotbecauseofthefloddetentionofreservoirbutofthedecreaseofsedimentdepositby6.4billiontinthelowerfiver,i.e.thedepthofdepositiondec
6、reasedby3.30minaveragecausedbydetentionofsediment9.2billiontinthereservoir.ThepracticeofoperationmodeofSanmenxiaReservoirdemonstratesthepossibilityoflongtermoperationofreservoironladenriver.SincetheYellowRiverhasveryhighconcentrationbesidesusingtheflowandsedimentdischargeregulationbym
7、servoirtoenhancethetransportcapacitythemeas-uresofdetentionofsedimentanddesihingdepositsbyreservoirhavetobetakenfor山eretentionandutilizationofsediment.Keywords:sedimentation;storingclearwateranddischargingmuddy;equilibriumofsiltingandscouring;floodcontrol;SanmenxiaReservoir;YellowRjve
8、r三门峡水
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