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1、(十)名词性从句一、主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how等。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.【注】有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻匕常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。Itdependsontheclimate
2、whethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.二、表语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语,引导表语从句的词有that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how,because等。Thereasonisthatyoudoifttrusther.ThisiswhereIdisagree.这一点是我所不同意的。三、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导宾语从句的词有that,whether,if,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,w
3、hichever,when,where,why,how等。宾语从句一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。Sheexplainedthatshewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.【注】①有时要用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.%1如doyouthink/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,疑问词要放在句首。Whatdoyouthinkisgoingonoutside?%1I/We(don,t)think/believe/
4、suppose/expect/imagine后接宾语从句时,反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。Idon,tsupposehecares,doeshe?%1在宾语从句中,引导词whether和if基本一样,但介词后的宾语从句多用whether。Italldependsuponwhetherwecangettheircooperation.⑤动词doubt如用于肯定句,其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导,如用于否定句或疑问句,则宾语从句用that引导。Idoubtif/whetherourfootballteamwillwinthematch.Idon,tdoub
5、tthatIcandefeathiminthecontest.同位语从句在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether,who,which,what,where,when,why,how等词引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information等名词后面,用以说明该名词的具体内容。Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.五、名词性从句的难点1・引导词that与what的区别what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中
6、作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),这时what相当于allthat/everythingthat等,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等尸;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分,但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。Whatwecan9tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave・Thatanewteacherwillcometoteachusgeographyistrue.2•引导词if和whether的区别if和whether引导动词后面的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句不
7、能用if引导。Idoiftcareif/whetherhewillcometomyparty.Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.Thequestioniswhetherwecancollectenoughmoney.3•引导词who与whoever的区别whoever引导名词性从句时,相当于anyonewho或thosewho,它既是从句的主语,又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语,它引导的从句才是主句的主语。Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedro