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1、BuildinganAffordableHomeownershipMarket:TheUnitedStatesExperience建立经济住房市场：美国的经验byJamesH.CarrSeniorVicePresidentFannieMaeFoundation美国联邦国家房屋贷款协会基金会高级副总裁DefiningtheAffordableHomeownershipMarket对经济住房市场的定义Racialandethnicminorities;少数族裔；Immigrants;移民；Lower-incomeandyoungfamiliesofallracial/
2、ethnicbackgrounds;不同背景的较低收入家庭及年轻家庭Householdswithnontraditionalcredithistories,irregularincomes,andrelateddivergencesfromconventionalunderwritingguidelines.无传统信用记录，固定收入，或与传统的保险规定不相符合的家庭©FannieMaeFoundation2004HomeOwnershipDisparitiesbyRace/Ethnicity住房拥有率的种族差异Allhouseholds所有家庭68.6%NotHi
3、spanic,Whilealone非西班牙裔（仅限白种人）75.5%BlackorAfricanAmericanalone黑种人49.3%HispanicorLatino西班牙裔或拉美裔47.3%AsianorPacificIslander,AmericanIndianorAlaskanNative,morethantworacesreported亚裔或太平洋岛屿住民，美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民，不少于两个人种58.2%Source:USCensus2004.©FannieMaeFoundation2004$60,000$50,000$40,000$30,000
4、$20,000$10,000$0Allhouseholds所有家庭Whitehouseholders白人家庭Blackhouseholders黑人家庭Hispanichouseholders西班牙裔家庭$11,773$14,398$2,657$2,900Mediannetworth,excludingHomeequity除房产外净值中位数Source:SurveyofIncomeandProgramParticipation,U.S.CensusBureau.1995©FannieMaeFoundation2002MedianNetWorth,andMedianN
5、etWorthExcludingHomeEquityofHouseholds,byRaceandHispanicOriginofHouseholder净值中位数和除家庭房产外的净值中位数（按种族和家庭的西班牙血统划分）Mediannetworth净值中位数$40,200$49,030$7,073$7,255WealthInequality财富的不均等Source:FannieMaeFoundation2004.Calculationsbasedonthe2001SurveyofConsumerFinances.Race/Ethnicity种族Income收入Net
6、Wealth净财富White白种人$100$100Black黑种人$56$16Latino拉美裔人$55$9©FannieMaeFoundation2004StartingPointforHomeownershipOutreachInitiatives “居者有其屋”构想的出发点Understandingofconsumermarketsegments(includingattitudestowardhomeownership,understandingofalternativesourcesofincomeandsavings,nontraditionalapp
7、roachestodeterminecreditworthiness,andawarenessofotherbarriers;了解消费者细分市场（包括对住房的态度，对收入和储蓄替代来源的了解，决定信用声誉的非传统方法以及对其他障碍的认识）Financialandhomeownereducationandcounselinginfrastructureandoutreachinitiativestopromotehomeownership;金融教育和业主教育，咨询服务基础设施以及“居者有其屋”构想Willingnessoffinancialinstitutionst
8、opurs
