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1、TEM-4Vocabulary&Grammar七、复合句中的从句(必考点)七、从属分句复合句=主句+Vocabulary&Grammar从句定语从句状语从句名词性从句关系代词的选择、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别时间、地点、比较、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步方式状语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句七、从属分句:定语(关系)从句有关定语从句:a.定义:在复合句中充当定语,修饰先行词b.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词c.关系词:引导定语从句的词,起连接作用关系代词:who/whom/whose/which/t
2、hat代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分(主/宾/表语等)关系副词:when/where/why作状语定语从句结构:先行词+关系代/副词+从句Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句:定语(关系)从句限定性定语从句(DefiningAttributiveClauses)修饰先行词、紧跟先行词,同先行词之间无逗号隔开关系代词:who/whom(人)which/which(物)whose(人/物)=(ofwhom/which)that(人/物)关系副词:when(at/in/on/du
3、ringwhich)where(=in/atwhich)(condition/situation/case/Instance/circumstance)why(=forwhich)(先行词为reason)非限定性定语从句(Non-definingAttributiveClauses)补充说明先行词,跟在先行词后,用逗号和主句隔开,修饰先行词或前面整个句子引导词:which,who,whom,as,介词+which不能用that1.Theparty,___Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjo
4、yable.(06-53)A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich2.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnottheman___hewastwentyyearsago.(03-52)A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whomVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句:定语(关系)从句DB在以下情况,关系代词只用thata.先行词是不定代词(all/anything/everything/little/much/none/somethin
5、g/theone.etc)b.先行词由形容词最高级或者first/last/only/some/no/very修饰时c.先行词由两个或两个以上兼有人和物Vocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句:定语(关系)从句as用作关系代词,引导定语从句,主要和such连用Wehavesuchgrapesasyouneversaw.Hereturnedwithsuchprovisionsaswereneeded.(见第一节)but用作关系代词,引导定语从句,同具有否定意义的主句连用,先行词可以是人或物,意思接近that(who)…n
6、otThereisnotreebutbearssomefruit.=Thereisnotreethatdoesn’tbearanyfruit.没有不结果实的树。Thereareveryfewbutadmireyourtalent.=Thereareveryfewwhodonotadmireyourtalent.没人不佩服你的才华Vocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句:定语(关系)从句e.g.Nearlyallthestudentsinmyclassaregratefultohimbecausetherewasnota
7、singlestudent____learntalotfromhim.A.thatB.whoC.butD.whatVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句:定语(关系)从句C1.时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词主要有:when,whenever,as,while,since,until,till,before,after,assoonas,once,directly,immediately,hardly(scarcely)…when,nosooner…thana.如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去
8、完成时或”was/wereaboutto,was/wereonthepointof”等结构时,when表示突然发生“正在……突然”或“刚……就……”.在这种情况不用as或者while代替when.e.g.Wewereabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.