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1、语法大全一・名词I.名词的种类:专有名词普通名词国名地名人名,团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数:I.观则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加或现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加・esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以Jng-fe结尾的词变J和・fe为v再加~esleaf-
2、leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves加-s.chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,root-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparly-parties,lainily-families,story-stories,city-cities5以兀音字母加y结尾的名词,或专育名词以y结尾的,加・$toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-0结尾的名词—般加・e
3、sNcgro-Ncgrocs.hcro・heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外來词加-Spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆川zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-。结尾的名词加・sradio-radios,bamboo-bainboos,zoo-zoos8以・th结尾的名词加・struth-truths,mouth-mouths,mont
4、h-months,path-paths,2.不观则名词复数:英语甲有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如F:规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,fool-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)cl
5、ass,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party6复数形式表示特别含义custoins(海关),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),looks(夕卜表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加・sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,
6、Chinese,Japanese以・man或-woman结尾的改为・men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加'S
7、构成,二是山介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。l「s所有格的构成:单数名词在末尾加'stheboy'sfather,Jack,sbook,herson-in-lau^sphoto.一般在末尾加’行判夕i可theteachers^room,thetwins'mother.3不规则复数名词后加'Sthechildren'stoys,women,srights,以s结尾的人名所有格加1或者’Dickens'novels,Charles'sjob、theSmiths^house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末
8、尾均须加'SJapan5sandAmerica'sproblems,Jane'sandMary'sbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加'SJapanandAmerica'sproblems,JaneandMary?sfathe