国际金融名词解释(英语).doc

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1、1.balanceofpayments(国际收支平衡表):thesetofaccountsrecordingallflowsofvaluebetweenanation'sresidentsandtheresidentsoftherestoftheworldduringaperiodoftime.2.credititem:(贷方项目)isanitemforwhichthecountrymustbepaid.3.debititem（借方项目）isanitemforwhichthecountrymustpay.4.Ifweaddupalltheitemsforexportsandimpor

2、tsofgoodsandservices,wegetthegoodsandservicesbalance.5.thenetvalueofflowsofgoods,services,income,andunilateraltransfersisthecurrentaccountbalance.6.Thenetvalueofflowsoffinancialassetsandsimilarclaims(includingofficialinternationalreserveassetflows)istheprivatefinancialaccountbalance.7.Officiali

3、nternationalreserveassetsaremoney–likeassetsthatareheldbygovernmentsandthatarerecognizedbygovernmentsasfullyacceptableforpaymentsbetweenthem.8.thecountry'scurrentaccountbalancemustequalnetforeigninvestment.9.Theoverallbalanceshouldindicatewhetheracountry'sbalanceofpaymentshasachievedanoverallpa

4、tternthatissustainableovertime.10.Theofficialsettlementsbalancemeasuresthesumofthecurrentaccountbalanceplusthe(nonofficial)financialaccountbalance.11.Complementingthebalanceofpaymentsaccounts(whichrecordflowsoftransactions)isabalancesheetcalledtheinternationalinvestmentposition,astatementofstoc

5、ksofanation'sinternationalassetsandforeignliabilitiesatapointintime,usuallytheendofayear.12.foreignexchange:theactoftradingdifferentnations'moneys.13.exchangerate:thepriceofonenation’smoneyintermsofanothernation’smoney.14.spotexchangerate:thepricefor"immediate"exchange.15.forwardexchangerate:th

6、epricesetnowforanexchangethatwilltakeplacesomethinginfuture.16.Arbitrage:theprocessofbuyingandsellingtomakea(nearly)risklesspureprofitensuresthatratesindifferentlocationsareessentiallythesame,andthatrates,andcross-ratesarerelatesandconsistentamongthemselves.17.triangulararbitrage:anopportunityt

7、omakearisklessprofitbyarbitragingthroughthethreerate—aprocesscalledtriangulararbitrage.18.exchange-raterisk:ifthevalueoftheperson’sincome,wealth,ornetworthchangeswhenexchangerateschangeunpredictablyinthefuture.19.Hedging:a positio