动词不定式讲解.doc

《动词不定式讲解.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、一动词不定式：to+动词原形1.基本用法：可在句中作主、宾、表、定、状、补。1）作主语Togetupearlyisagoodhabit.It'ssonicetohearyourvoice.(it为形式主语)ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’ssillyofyoutodosuchathing.HowtoimproveourEnglishisstillaproblem.2)作宾语Weallhopetoseeyou.TheyfoundithardtolearnChi

2、nese.（it为形式宾语）Idonotknowwhattodonext.（疑问词+不定式）HeaskedmehowtoimproveEnglish.（疑问词+不定式）3）作表语①一般情况Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。Heseemedtohaveknownthenews.②如果主语是不定式，则表语也用不定式。例如：Toseeistobe

3、lieve.Seeingisbelieving.③作表语的不定式有时可省略符号to：这时主语部分必须含有动词do,而作表语的不定式则解释do的精确意思。AllIdidwas(to)givehimalittlehelp.Whatwewanttodonowis(to)havearest.4)作定语①不定式作定语时，被修饰的名词常为它的逻辑宾语。不定式与该名词存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Ihavesomeclothestowash.（后置定语）Hehassomethingimportanttotellyou.如果不定

4、式是不及物动词，后面应有必要的介词。Givemeapentowritewith.Ineedawarmroomtolivein.②逻辑上的主谓关系。Hewasthefirstteachertocome.Ineedaboxtoholdmybooks.Isthereanyonetoanswermyquestion?Hewasthelaststudenttohavelefttheclassroom.(不定式完成式)③逻辑上的同位关系。Everyonehastherighttospeakatthemeeting=E

5、veryonehastherightthathemay/canspeakatthemeeting.Dokeepyourpromisetowritetome.=Dokeepyourpromisethatyouwillwritetome.5)作状语①作目的状语Hewillgotothestationtomeethisfriend.IoftenreadChinaDailyinorderto(或soasto)improvemyEnglish.（inorderto可放在句首；soasto只能放在句中）。Icomeh

6、ereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.②作结果状语Ihurriedtohishouseonlytofindhewasout.Heis(not)oldenoughtojointhearmy.It’stoolatetoplaybasketball.Hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.③作原因状语Iwassurprisedtoseehimhere.Theywerepleasedtohearthegoodnews.Iamgladtomeetyou.④在形容词后作状语Thi

7、squestioniseasytoanswer.6）作补语Hewantshissontobecomealawyer.Sheencouragedmetotryagain.Theypersuadedhimtogiveupsmoking.Theybelievehimtobewritinganewbook.他们认为他正在写一本新书。Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Theletterwaswantedtobetypedatonce.(主补)注：有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足

8、语。常见的有：①感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe②使役动词let,make,have③help：helpsb.do……或helpsb.todo……两种说法均可。Ioftenhearhimsingthissong.Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.当此类句子改为被动语态时，要补上to.Heisoftenheardtosingthissong.Th