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1、实验6ABO血型鉴定暨血涂片的制作与血细胞显微观察1.实验目的1.1了解ABO和Rh血型分类系统的背景知识和遗传学原理1.2掌握微量采血及血涂片的制作方法1.3学习使用光学显微镜观察和区分红细胞与白细胞2实验原理WhatisBloodBloodismadeoffourcomponents:plasma,redbloodcells,white.bloodcells,platelets・Plasmaisamixtureofwater,sugar,fat,protein,andpotassiumandcalciums
2、alts.Italsocontainsmanychemicalsthathelpformbloodtheclotsnecessarytostopbleeding.Morethan92%ofplasmaiswater.Redbloodcellscontainaspecialproteincalledhemoglobin,whichcarriestheoxygeneweinhalewithourlungstoallofthepartsofourbodies.Itthenreturnscarbondioxidefro
3、mourbodytoourlungssowecanexhaleit.Hemoglobinisalsoresponsibleformakingredbloodcellsred・Wehavesomanyredbloodcellsthatourblooditselfappearsred,eventhough让containsmorethanredbloodcells・Whitebloodcellsareclearroundcellsthatarebiggerthanredbloodcells.Whitebloodce
4、llsproduceproteinscalledantibodiesthathelpourbodiesfightinfectionscausedbybacteria,viruses,andforeignproteins.Plateletsaren'treallycellsatall;theyarejustfragmentsofcells.Whenweareinjured,plateletsgatheratthes让eoftheinjuryandsticktotheedgesofthewound・Theyrele
5、asechemicalsthathelpstarttheprocessofbloodclottingsothatbleedingwillstop.WhatisbloodtypesandRhstatuesEverybodyhasabloodtype・ThemostcommonbloodtypeclassificationsystemistheABO(sayMA-B-OM)systemdiscoveredbyKarlLandsteinerintheearly1900s.Therearefourtypesofbloo
6、dintheABOsystem:A,B,AB,andO・Yourbloodtypeisestablishedbeforeyouareborn,byspecificgenesinheritedfromyourparents・Youreceiveonegenefromyourmotherandonefromyourfather;thesetwocombinetoestablishyourbloodtype.Thesetwogenesdetermineyourbloodtypebycausingproteinscal
7、ledagglutinogens(a-GLOO-tin-a-gins)toexistonthesurfaceofallofyourredbloodcells.Therearethreeallelesorversionsofthebloodtypegene:A,B,andO・Sinceeverybodyhastwocopiesofthesegenes,therearesixpossiblecombinations;AA,BBZOO,AB,AO,andBO.Ingeneticterms,thesecombinati
8、onsarecalledgenotypes,andtheydescribethegenesyougotfromyourparents・Inadd让iontotheproteins(agglutinogens)existingonyourredbloodcells,othergenesmakeproteinscalledagglutinins(a-GLOO-tin-ins)thatcir
