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1、Inverter1IntroductionAninverterisanelectricaldevicethatconvertsdirectcurrent(DC)toalternatingcurrent(AC);theconvertedACcanbeatanyrequiredvoltageandfrequencywiththeuseofappropriatetransformers,switching,andcontrolcircuits.Solid-stateinvertershavenomovingpartsandareusedinawiderangeofa
2、pplications,fromsmallswitchingpowersuppliesincomputers,tolargeelectricutilityhigh-voltagedirectcurrentapplicationsthattransportbulkpower.InvertersarecommonlyusedtosupplyACpowerfromDCsourcessuchassolarpanelsorbatteries.Therearetwomaintypesofinverter.Theoutputofamodifiedsinewaveinvert
3、erissimilartoasquarewaveoutputexceptthattheoutputgoestozerovoltsforatimebeforeswitchingpositiveornegative.Itissimpleandlowcostandiscompatiblewithmostelectronicdevices,exceptforsensitiveorspecializedequipment,forexamplecertainlaserprinters.Apuresinewaveinverterproducesanearlyperfects
4、inewaveoutput(<3%totalharmonicdistortion)thatisessentiallythesameasutility-suppliedgridpower.ThusitiscompatiblewithallACelectronicdevices.Thisisthetypeusedingrid-tieinverters.Itsdesignismorecomplex,andcosts5or10timesmoreperunitpowerTheelectricalinverterisahigh-powerelectronicoscilla
5、tor.ItissonamedbecauseearlymechanicalACtoDCconvertersweremadetoworkinreverse,andthuswere"inverted",toconvertDCtoAC.Theinverterperformstheoppositefunctionofarectifier.2Applications2.1DCpowersourceutilizationAninverterconvertstheDCelectricityfromsourcessuchasbatteries,solarpanels,orfu
6、elcellstoACelectricity.Theelectricitycanbeatanyrequiredvoltage;inparticularitcanoperateACequipmentdesignedformainsoperation,orrectifiedtoproduceDCatanydesiredvoltageGridtieinverterscanfeedenergybackintothedistributionnetworkbecausetheyproducealternatingcurrentwiththesamewaveshapeand
7、frequencyassuppliedbythedistributionsystem.Theycanalsoswitchoffautomaticallyintheeventofa10blackout.Micro-invertersconvertdirectcurrentfromindividualsolarpanelsintoalternatingcurrentfortheelectricgrid.Theyaregridtiedesignsbydefault.2.2UninterruptiblepowersuppliesAnuninterruptiblepow
8、ersupply(UPS)usesba
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