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1、英语诗歌欣赏I．INTRODUCTION（介绍）Noonehasadequatelydefinedpoetry.Thepoetsspeakabstractlyandromanticallywhendefiningtheirdomain.Forexample,SamuelTaylorColeridgeratheregotisticallycalledpoetry,“thebestorder.”T.S.Eliotspokeasanidealistwhenheexplainedpoetryas“nottheassertionthatsometh
2、ingistrue,butthemakingofthattruthmorefullyrealtous.”Theaveragereaderseespoetryas,“theliteraturethatiswritteninsomekindofverseform..”Perhapsitissufficienttosaythatpoetryisliteraturethatisnotprose.Yet,mostpeoplerecognizethatsomeliteraturelabeledpoetryisnotsoandthatsomeprose
3、ispoetic.Merelysettingsentencesinverseformdoesnotmakepoetry.Therefore,poetrymusthavesomerequisites.Asidefromthebasicdemandthatpoetry“saysomething,”poetryischaracterizedbythefollowingelements:amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsounds,apreciseandfreshimagery,andmultiplelevelso
4、finterpretationsuggestedbytheconnotationofthecloserwordsandbyallusions.Apoem,however,shouldnotberegardedasamarriageoftechnicaldevicesandideas.Thedevicesshouldenhanceorexposethepoem’smeaning(s).But,forconvenience’ssake,theelementsofpoetrywillbefocusedonseparatelyinthefollo
5、wingsothatthereadercandevotehis/herattentiontotheeffectsachievedbycertainpoeticconventions.II.THEMUSICALEFFECTOFPOETRY（音乐效果）Poetryhasitsrootsinsong.Theearliestpoeticformsweretheepicsandballadssungbytravellingbardsandminstrels.Thoughnolongersung,poemsretaintheirmusicalqual
6、ity.Thissectiondealswiththeelementsofpoetry,whichcreatethatmusicality.A.Meter—looselydefinedmeteristhe“beat”orrhythmofthepoem.Itisthepatternofstressedandunstressedsyllablesusedinthepoem.Meterisshownbyavisualcode.Theaccentmark(/)indicatesthestressedsyllable,themark()indica
7、tesanunstressedsyllable.CertaincombinationsofthesesyllablesaremostfrequentlyemployedinEnglishverse.Oneunit,orcombination,iscalledafoot.Thefollowingarethebasicmetricfeet.TypePatternExampleiambic抑扬格controltrochaic扬抑格tigeranapestic抑抑扬格contradictdactylic扬抑抑格foolishnessSpondai
8、c扬扬格moonstone23Thus,thenumberofsyllablesinalineisrelevant,butthenumberofstressesismoreimportanti
