风险管理与保险课件第7章.ppt

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1、第二部分财产人寿保险第6章财产标的第7章责任风险第8章财产和责任保险第9章人寿保险第10章人寿保险的保单条款第11章社会保障提供的人寿与健康保险1第7章责任风险2§7.1责任标的特性Legalliabilityistheresponsibility,basedinlaw,toremedysomewrongdonetoanotherpersonororganization.法律责任是法律规定的一方对另一方（个人或组织）承担损害赔偿责任。34§7.1.1责任的法律基础5Negligence疏忽Negli

2、gencecanbedefinedasafailuretoactreasonablythatcausesharmtoothers.疏忽可定义为没有采取合理的行动造成他人伤害。1.Adutytoact(ornottoact)insomeway.以某种方式作为或不作为的责任。2.Breachofthatduty.违背责任。3.Damageorinjurytotheoneownedtheduty.对拥有责任人的伤害。4.Acausalconnection,calledaproximatecause,bet

3、weenthebreachandtheinjury.近因原则。6§7.1.2Defenses抗辩1.Assumptionofrisk.风险自担原则。Thedoctrineofassumptionofriskholdsthatiftheplaintiffknewofthedangersinvolvedintheactthatresultedinharm,butchosetoactinthatfashionnonetheless,thedefendantwillnotbeheldliable.这一原则指

4、若原告明知一种行为存在导致损失的风险而还要去做，则被告对损失不承担责任。72.Contributorynegligence.受害方过失原则。Thedoctrineofcontributorynegligencedisallowsanyrecoverybythedefendantiftheplaintiffisshowntobenegligenttoanydegreeinnotavoidingtherelevantharm.如果原告被证明对相关的损失有哪怕一点点的疏忽，被告都不承担赔偿责任。83.Co

5、mparativenegligence.比较过失原则。Thecourtcomparestherelativenegligenceofthepartiesandapportionsrecoveryonthatbasis.法院衡量各方的疏忽程度来决定各方承担补偿的比例。9104.Lastclearchance.最后纠正机会原则。Underthelastclearchancedoctrine,aplaintiffwhoassumedtheriskorcontributedtoanaccidentthrou

6、ghnegligenceisnotbarredfromrecoveryifthedefendanthadtheopportunitytoavoidtheaccidentbutfailedtodoso.这一原则规定如果被告有机会避免事故的发生但没有这样做，原告即使存在疏忽并促成事故的发生，原告也将得到赔偿。115.Immunity.豁免原则。Whereimmunityapplies,thedefendanthasacompletedefenseagainstliability,merelybecaus

7、eofitsstatusasaprotectedentity,professional,orotherparty.应用这一原则时，若被告是一个受法律保护的实体，则该被告将完全免除责任。12131.ResIpsaLoquitur.举证倒置原则。Thecourtmayapplythedoctrineofresipsaloquiturwhichshiftstheburdenofprooftothedefendant.Thedefendantmustproveinnocence.Thetranslation

8、ofresipsaloquituris“thethingspeaksforitself”.在一些原告无法举证的情况下，法院将应用举证倒置原则，将举证责任转至被告方。142.StrictLiability.严格责任。Ifyouhavepropertyorengageinanactivitythatisultra-dangeroustoothers,youmaybecomeliableonthebasisofstrictliability,withoutregardtof