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1、议论文的论题大体可分为五类，这可以通过分析他们试图回答的问题来确定。一般说来论题类型与文章的结构和所需要的证据密切相关。因此，了解论题的基本类型及其与结构和论据的关系，将有利于你从宏观上驾驭议论文的写作。(1)事实论题（claimsoffact）事实论题意在回答如下问题：Didithappen?Isittrue?Doesitexit?Isitafact?例如：Theozonelayerisbecomingdepleted?Theincreasingpopulationthreatenstheenvironment.Menhavemoreopportunitiesthanwom
2、eninoursociety.此类，论题的论证主要依靠事实性论据，包括事实、数据、例子、援引权威观点。归纳推理是论证这类问题的一个基本思路，既从对几个基本论证的讨论得出结论。例如：Besidesphysicalhazardandanxieties,competitivesportsposepsychologicaldangersforchildren,MartinRablovsky,aformersportseditorfortheNewYorkTimes,saidinallhisyearsofwatchingyoungchildrenplayorganizedsports.
3、Henoticedveryfewofthemsmiling.“I’veseenchildrenenjoyingaspontaneousprepraticescrimmagebecomesomberandseriouswhenthecoach’swhistleblows,”Rablovskysaid.”Thespiritsoftheplaydisappears,andsportsbecomejoblike.”Theprimarygoalofaprofessionalathlete–winning-isnotappropriateforchildren.Theirgoalssho
4、uldbehavingfun,learning,beingwithfriends.Althoughwinningdoesaddtothefun,toomanyadultslosesightofwhatmattersandmakewinningthemostimportantgoal.Severalstudentshaveshownthatwhenchildrenareaskedwhethertheywouldratherbewarmingthebenchonawinningteamorplayingregularlyonalosingteam,about90percentch
5、oosethelater.在这一段里，作者运用了权威人士的发言和调查数据来如下事实论题，Besidesphysicalhazardsandanxieties,competitivesportsposepsychologicaldangersforchildren.(2)定义论题（claimsofdefination）定义论题旨在回答下列问题：Whatitis?Whatdoesitmean?Whatisitlike?Howshoulditbeclassified?Howshoulditbeinterpreted?Howdoesitsusualmeaningchangeinapa
6、rticularcontext?例如：Ahappypersonisnotapersonofasetofcertaincircumstance,butratherapersonwithcertainsetofattitudes.Successconsistsoffoursimplethings-tolivealot,tolovealot,tolaughalot,fromitall,tolearnalot.Theprimarypurposeofaliberaleducationistomakeone’smindapleasantplaceinwhichtospendone’sti
7、me.定义论题的论证往往建立在权威观点、可靠资料、类比及例证之上。例如：Loveissomethinglikethecloudsthatwereintheskybeforethesuncameout.Youcannottouchtheclouds,youknow;butyoufeeltherainandknowhowgladtheflowersandthethirstyeartharetohaveitafterahotday.Youcannottouchtheloveeither,butyoufeelt
