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1、Unit1ArchitecturePassage1Themostinterestingarchitecturalphenomenonofthe1970swastheenthusiasmforrefurbishingolderbuildings.Obviously,thiswasnotanentirelynewphenomenon.Whatisnewisthewholesaleinterestinreusingthepast,inrecycling,inadaptiverehabilitation.Afewtrialefforts,suchasGhirard
2、ellSquareinSanFrancisco,provedtheirfinancialviabilityinthe1960’s,butitwasinthe1970s,withstronggovernmentsupportthroughtaxincentivesandrapiddepreciation,aswellasgrowinginterestinecologyissues,thatrecyclingbecameamajorfactorontheurbanscene.Oneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherest
3、orationandtransformationofBoston’seighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1~24.Thissectionhadfallenonhardtimes,butbeginningwiththeconstructionofanewcityhallimmediatelyadjacent,ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershi
4、pofBenjaminThompson.Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicamenitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.Theexciting
5、interiortimberstructureofthebuildingwashighlightedbycuttinglightcourtsthroughtheinteriorandaddinglargeskylights.SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay.Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers.SanAntonio’sleadersrehabilitatedexistingstructures,while
6、simultaneouslycleaninguptheSanAntonioRiver,whichmeandersthroughthebusinessdistrict.Passage2Bythelatenineteenthcentury,thefocusfortheengineersandbuildersoftunnelswasbeginningtoshiftfromEuropetotheUnitedStatesandespeciallyNewYork,wheretheriversencirclingManhattancapturedtheimaginati
7、onoftunnelersandchallengedtheiringenuity.ThefirsttoacceptthechallengewasasomewhatmysteriousCaliforniannamedDeWittClintonHaskin,whoturnedupinNewYorkinthe1870swithaproposaltotunnelthroughthesiltundertheHudsonRiverbetweenManhattanandJerseyCity.Haskineventuallyabandonedtheriskyproject
8、.ButacompanyorganizedbyWilliamMcA
