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1、(六)短语动词 I. 要点 英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种： (1) 动词＋介词 常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如： Don’t laugh at others. I didn’t care about
2、 it. (2) 动词＋副词 常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don’t forget to hand it in. (3) 动词＋副词＋介词 常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away
3、 from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： All his money added up to no more than $100. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4) 动词＋名词＋介词 常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay att
4、ention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time. (5) 动词＋形容词 常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6) 动词＋名词 常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短
5、语动词用作不及物动词。如： This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. (7)辨析 give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止) put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭) turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开) keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近) make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认) take off(脱，
6、起飞) 和 take out(拿出) II. 例题 例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age. A put away B kept up C given away D laid up 解析：该题正确答案为A。意为"存"；keep up意为"继续"；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here’s my card. Let’s keep in ____. A touch B relation C connection D friendship 解析
7、：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。 例3 ____! There’s a train coming. A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on 解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。
