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1、WaltWhitman(1819-92)Regardedasamysticpoet,sexualpoet,democraticpoet,hispoemsareliketheBible,comprehensiveLeavesofGrassOriginal,fresh,bold,licentious,uninhibited,unrestrainedbothincontentandinform(freeverse)Buoyantoptimism,democracy,equality,individualismLea
2、vesofGrass1steditionin185512poems,lasteditionover400poemseditions:1855,56,60,67,71,76,81,89,91-92Influencesuponhim1.influencefromtheEnlightenment(asembodiedinJeffersonandPain),idealsoftherightsanddignityoftheindividual,toleration,humanitarianism（人道主义）,cosmo
3、politanism(世界主义)andidealism)2.influencefromTranscendentalismrelianceoninsightandintuition,infinitepowerofmantogainknowledgebymergingintonature3.influencefromEmerson“Iwassimmering,simmering,simmering,Emersonbroughtmetoaboil”(Whitman)3.influencefromEmerson1)T
4、hepoetisaseer,universalman.“Americaisapoeminoureyes,AmericanPoetisauniversalman.”(Emerson)“Thegreatestpoetbreathesintotheworldthegrandeurandlifeofuniverse.”(Whitman)2)poetryisorganic,natural.Artshouldbebasedorganicallyonnature,poetrygrowsoutofnature;apoemis
5、aliveandpassionatelikethespiritofaplant/animalfromnature(Emerson)therhymeanduniformityofperfectpoemsshowthefreegrowthofmetricallawsandbud…aslilacsandrosesonabush…(Whitman)3)Bothmenbelievedininsightandintuitionofman.Igreetyouatthebeginningofagreatcareer,…Iru
6、bbedmyeyesalittle,toseeifthissunbeamwerenoillusion.----Emerson,21thJuly,1855Themes:focusonmanandnature1.′immanence（神在宇宙内的普遍存在性）ofGodincreation,plentitude,continuityandgraduation2.multiplicityandrichnessofnature3.sacrednessoftheselfThemes4.equalityofallthing
7、sandbeings,theequalpotentialdivinityofeverythingfromgrasstomankind5.loveandcompanionshipasaforcestrongerthansocialcompacts6.cosmicevolution7.thebeautyofdeathaspartofthecycleofbirth,life,deathandresurrection“SongofMyself”Fromabladeofgrassseeintothemysteryofd
8、eathandbirthConclusion:thereisnodeath“SongofMyself”,cycle1Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself, AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume, Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou. Iloafeandinvitemysoul, Ileanandloaf
