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1、ProblemB:MergeAfterTollMulti-lanedividedlimited-accesstollhighwaysuse“ramptolls”and“barriertolls”tocollecttollsfrommotorists.Aramptollisacollectionmechanismatanentranceorexitramptothehighwayandthesedonotconcernushere.Abarriertollisarowoftollboothsplaceda
2、crossthehighway,perpendiculartothedirectionoftrafficflow.Thereareusually(always)moretollboothsthanthereareincominglanesoftraffic(seeformer2005MCMProblemB).Sowhenexitingthetollboothsinabarriertoll,vehiclesmust“fanin”fromthelargernumberoftollboothegresslan
3、estothesmallernumberofregulartravellanes.Atollplazaistheareaofthehighwayneededtofacilitatethebarriertoll,consistingofthefan-outareabeforethebarriertoll,thetollbarrieritself,andthefan-inareaafterthetollbarrier.Forexample,athree-lanehighway(onedirection)ma
4、yuse8tollboothsinabarriertoll.Afterpayingtoll,thevehiclescontinueontheirjourneyonahighwayhavingthesamenumberoflanesashadenteredthetollplaza(three,inthisexample).ConsideratollhighwayhavingLlanesoftravelineachdirectionandabarriertollcontainingBtollbooths(B
5、>L)ineachdirection.Determinetheshape,size,andmergingpatternoftheareafollowingthetollbarrierinwhichvehiclesfaninfromBtollboothegresslanesdowntoLlanesoftraffic.Importantconsiderationstoincorporateinyourmodelincludeaccidentprevention,throughput(numberofvehi
6、clesperhourpassingthepointwheretheendoftheplazajoinstheLoutgoingtrafficlanes),andcost(landandroadconstructionareexpensive).Inparticular,thisproblemdoesnotaskformerelyaperformanceanalysisofanyparticulartollplazadesignthatmayalreadybeimplemented.Thepointis
7、todetermineiftherearebettersolutions(shape,size,andmergingpattern)thananyincommonuse.Determinetheperformanceofyoursolutioninlightandheavytraffic.Howdoesyoursolutionchangeasmoreautonomous(self-driving)vehiclesareaddedtothetrafficmix?Howisyoursolutionaffec
8、tedbytheproportionsofconventional(human-staffed)tollbooths,exact-change(automated)tollbooths,andelectronictollcollectionbooths(suchaselectronictollcollectionviaatransponderinthevehicle)?YourMCMsubmissionshouldconsistofa1pa
