商务统计全套配套课件[美]AmirD.AczelJayavelSounderpandian著谭英平等译Chap016.ppt

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1、COMPLETEBUSINESSSTATISTICSbyAMIRD.ACZEL&JAYAVELSOUNDERPANDIAN6thedition.Chapter16SamplingMethodsUsingStatisticsNonprobabilitySamplingandBiasStratifiedRandomSamplingClusterSamplingSystematicSamplingNonresponseSamplingMethods16ApplynonprobabilitysamplingmethodsDecidewhentoconductastratif

2、iedsamplingmethodComputeestimatesfromstratifiedsampleresultsDecidewhentoconductaclustersamplingmethodLEARNINGOUTCOMES16Afterstudyingthischapteryoushouldbeableto:ComputeestimatesfromclustersamplingresultsDecidewhentoconductasystematicsamplingmethodComputeestimatesfromsystematicsampleresul

3、tsAvoidnonresponsebiasesinestimatesLEARNINGOUTCOMES(2)16Afterstudyingthischapteryoushouldbeableto:Samplingmethodsthatdonotusesampleswithknownprobabilitiesofselectionareknowasnonprobabilitysamplingmethods.Innonprobabilitysamplingmethods,thereisnoobjectivewayofevaluatinghowfarawayfromthepo

4、pulationparametertheestimatemaybe.Frame-alistofpeopleorthingsofinterestfromwhicharandomsamplecanbechosen.16-2NonprobabilitySamplingandBiasInstratifiedrandomsampling,weassumethatthepopulationofNunitsmaybedividedintomgroupswithNiunitsineachgroupi=1,2,...,m.Themstrataarenonoverlappingandtog

5、ethertheymakeupthetotalpopulation:N1+N2+...+Nm=N.16-3StratifiedRandomSamplingThemstrataarenon-overlapping.PopulationInstratifiedrandomsampling,weassumethatthepopulationofNunitsmaybedividedintomgroupswithNiunitsineachgroupi=1,2,...,m.Themstrataarenonoverlappingandtogethertheymakeupthetota

6、lpopulation:N1+N2+...+Nm=N.7654321GroupNiPopulationDistribution7654321GroupniSampleDistributionInproportionalallocation,therelativefrequenciesinthesample(ni/n)arethesameasthoseinthepopulation(Ni/N).16-3StratifiedRandomSampling(Continued)RelationshipBetweenthePopulationandaStratifiedRando

7、mSamplePropertiesoftheStratifiedEstimatoroftheSampleMeanPropertiesoftheStratifiedEstimatoroftheSampleMean(continued)WhenthePopulationVarianceisUnknownConfidenceIntervalforthePopulationMeaninStratifiedSamplingPopulationTrueSamplingNumberWeightsSampleFractionGroupofFirms(