滑坡的变形破坏行为与内在机理_许强.pdf

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1、JournalofEngineeringGeology工程地质学报1004－9665/2012/20(2)-0145-07*滑坡的变形破坏行为与内在机理许强(成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室成都610059)摘要自20世纪60年代日本学者斋藤借助于蠕变试验成果进行滑坡预测预报以来，人们就一直不停地对斜坡变形破坏行为和滑坡预报方法进行研究和探索，先后提出了数十种滑坡预测预报模型和方法。随着滑坡变形监测实例的不断增多，其变形监测资料越来越丰富，各式各样的变形－时间曲线相继产生。斜坡变形－时间曲线的

2、类型、特征以及形成这些变形－时间曲线的力学条件等诸多问题都是滑坡预警预报必须查明的最基本科学问题。本文通过对各类滑坡变形破坏行为和变形－时间曲线的分析总结，结合岩土体流变试验成果，根据斜坡变形－时间曲线特征，将滑坡分为稳定型、渐变型、突发型3类，并给出了产生这3类变形行为的力学条件。同时，从细观力学的角度分析认为，斜坡产生宏观变形破坏行为的主要原因是岩土体细观尺度颗粒的“流动”和“微破裂”，但在不同岩性组成的斜坡和同一斜坡的不同变形阶段，“流动”和“微破裂”将分别发挥不同的作用。关键词滑坡变形－时间曲线流变细观力

3、学内在机理中图分类号:P642．22文献标识码:ATHEORETICALSTUDIESONPREDICTIONOFLANDSLIDESUSINGSLOPEDEFORMATIONPROCESSDATAXUQiang(StatekeyLaboratoryofGeohazardPreventionandGeoenvironmentProtection，ChengduUniversityofTechnology，Chengdu610059)AbstractResearchonslopedeformationandfail

4、ureprocessandlandslidepredictionmethodhasbeenundertakenfreqeuentlysinceSaitodevelopedthelandslidepredictionandforecastingmethodwithhelpofcreeptestin1960s．Dozensofmodelsandmethodsforlandslidepredictionandforecastinghavebeenputforward．Withtheincreasingmonitorin

5、gworkonslopedeformationandincreasingavailabledata，manykindsofdisplacement-timecurveshavebeenproposed．Manyproblemssuchasthetypesandfeaturesofslopedisplacement-timecurvesandthemechanicconditionsformingthecurvesmustberegardedasthemostbasicscientificproblems．They

6、havetobeansweredandsolvedwhenlandslideearlywarningandpredictionarebeingcarriedout．Thispapersummarizesthelandslidede-formationandfailuremechanismsandtheircorrespondingdisplacement-timecurves．Withtheaidofrheologicaltest，threetypesoflandslidedeformationandfailur

7、eprocessesareproposed．Theyarethehesteadytype，thegrad-ualchangetypeandthesuddenfailuretype．Theircorrespondingmechanicconditionsarealsostudied．Intheviewofmicromechanics，themacrodeformationandfailureofaslopearemainlyattributedtotheflowandmicroruptureofrockandsoi

8、linmicroscopicscale．Theflowandmicrorupturecanplaydifferentrolesinslopeswithdifferentli-thologyorindifferentdeformationphasesofaslope．Keywordslandslide，displacement-timecurve，rheology，micr