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1、第三章放射性核素的衰变规律Radioactivedecay目的熟悉各种衰变的特点掌握衰变规律与活度计算了解放射性平衡及放射系内容α衰变β衰变γ衰变衰变规律放射性平衡放射系引言放射性的发现：贝可勒尔与居里夫妇放射线的分类及本质放射性与放射性核素的概念自发的含义核衰变的概念与分类各种放射性核素通过衰变趋向β稳定线对各类衰变，要求熟悉其含义、方程、对象、能量和纲图HenriBecquerel1852~1908,FranceFrenchphysicistwhodiscoveredradioactivitythroughhisinvestigationsofuraniumandothersub
2、stances.In1903hesharedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicswithPierreandMarieCurieMarieCuriebornNov.7,1867,Warsaw,Poland,RussianEmpire diedJuly4,1934,nearSallanches,FrancePolish-bornFrenchphysicistfamousforherworkonradioactivityandtwiceawinneroftheNobelPrize.WithHenriBecquerelandherhusband,PierreCurie,shewas
3、awardedthe1903NobelPrizeforPhysics.Shewasthensolewinnerofthe1911NobelPrizeforChemistry.ShewasthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrizePierreCuriebornMay15,1859,Paris,France diedApril19,1906,ParisFrenchphysicalchemistandcowinneroftheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903.Heandhiswife,MarieCurie,discoveredradiumandpolon
4、iumintheirinvestigationofradioactivity.放射线的分类及本质放射性(radioactivity)原子核自发放出α、β、γ等粒子的性质thespontaneousdisintegrationofatomicnuclei,withtheemissionofusu.penetratingradiationorparticles(Oxford)propertyexhibitedbycertaintypesofmatterofemittingenergyandsubatomicparticlesspontaneously.Itis,inessence,ana
5、ttributeofindividualatomicnuclei.(EB)Note:amajorsourceofheatintheinteriorofboththeEarthandtheMoonisprovidedbyradioactivedecay.(EB)放射性核素(radionuclide)具有放射性的核素aradioactivenuclide(Oxford)aradioactivenuclide(Merriam-Webster)radioactiveisotope(radioisotope):anyofseveralspeciesofthesamechemicalelemen
6、twithdifferentmasseswhosenucleiareunstableanddissipateexcessenergybyspontaneouslyemittingradiationintheformofalpha,beta,andgammarays(EB)（核，放射性）衰变(decay,disintegration)原子核自发放出α、β、γ等粒子的过程(ofasubstanceetc.)undergochangebyradioactivity(Oxford)anyprocessinwhichanucleusemitsaparticleorparticlesordivi
7、desintosmallernuclei(Oxford)原子核自发的结构或能量转变过程α衰变Alphadecayα衰变的定义放射性原子核自发放出α粒子而变为另一种原子核的过程typeofradioactivedisintegrationinwhichsomeunstableatomicnucleidissipateexcessenergybyspontaneouslyejectinganalphaparticleα粒子的实质：高速运动的氦原子核α衰变的方程
