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1、Chapter4Narrative叙述NarrativeThischapterattemptsto:Definethebasictermsusedtoanalyzenarratives---Narrative,Story,andPlot.Describeninebasicstorytypes.DescribethecommonlyusedtheClassicThree-ActLinearStructure(经典三幕式直线结构).Describethevarietiesofsubplot.NarrativeNarrativerefe
2、rstothewaythatastoryistold.Itisprincipallyconcernedwiththewaythateventsareorganizedintimeandspace—thewayinwhichthescriptwriteranddirectortaketherawelementsofastoryandarrangetheminthemostattractiveandinterestingway.NarrativeNarrative,story,andplotarethebasictermsusedwh
3、enanalyzingthenarrativestructureofafilm.Althoughtheyaresometimesusedinterchangeably,theyalsohavemoreprecisemeaningsthatcanhelpustodrawsomeusefuldistinctions.DavidBordwellandKristinThomasinFilmArt---AnIntroduction《电影艺术入门》definethemasfollows:NarrativeNarrativeAchainofev
4、entsincause-effectrelationships(因果关系)occurringintimeandspace.StoryAlltheeventsthatweseeandhear,plusallthosethatweinferorassumetohaveoccurred,arrangedintheirpresumedcausalrelations,chronologicalorder,duration,frequency,andspatiallocations.PlotAlltheeventsthataredirectl
5、ypresentedtous,includingtheircausalrelations,chronologicalorder,duration,frequency,andspatiallocations.Thekeydistinctionisthatbetweenstoryandplot:Storyistheviewer’simaginaryconstructionofalltheeventsinthenarratives---whetherpresentedtousornot---whileplotisthefilm’sact
6、ualpresentationofcertaineventsinthenarrative.TheBasicStoriesWritershavearguedthattherearealimitednumberofstoriesthatformthebasisforALLfictionalnarratives.ThesestorieshavebeennamedAchilles(阿喀琉斯),Candide(憨第德),Cinderella(灰姑娘),Circe(喀尔刻),Faust(浮士德),Orpheus(俄尔普斯),RomeoandJ
7、uliet(罗密欧与朱丽叶),Tristan(特里斯坦),andtheWanderingJew(流浪的犹太人).Theycanoccuraloneorincombination.Achilles阿喀琉斯The“Achilles”storyisthestoryoftheseeminglyinvulnerable(不会受伤的，无懈可击的)herowithafatalflaw.ClassicaltragedyisusuallyavariantoftheAchillesstory.(Example:Superman《超人》)Candide
8、憨第德/天真汉Thestoryoftheinnocentabroad,thenaivelyoptimisticherowhotriumphscontrarytoallexpectations.(Examples:ForrestGump《阿甘正传》,
