网络基础培训课程资料.ppt

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1、2006年4月计算机系统事业部客服技术支持部网络基础培训课程资料(二)TCP/IP基础知识IP地址基础知识优化IP地址的分配第2章TCP/IP协议概述第一节：TCP/IP基础知识TCP/IP简介TCP/IP协议栈名字解析数据的路由TCP/IP简介通信过程TCP/IP的分层定义应用程序通信过程NameAddressPostOfficePostOfficeNameAddressNameAddressPostOfficePostOfficeNameAddressTCP/IP的分层ApplicationLayerTransportLayerI

2、nternetLayerNetworkInterfaceLayerInternet层IPICMPIGMPARP网络接口层EthernetATM传输层UDPTCP应用层FTPHTTPOSITCP/IPApplicationPresentationSessionApplicationDataLinkPhysicalNetworkInterfaceTransportNetworkTransportInternetIPTCPOSI模型与TCP/IP模型的比较定义应用程序UDPTCPFTPHTTP192.168.2.150FTPServerHTT

3、PServerTCPPort20,21TCPPort80IPAddress+TCPPortorUDPPort=SocketTCP/IP协议栈TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)UserDatagramProtocol(UDP)InternetProtocol(IP)InternetControlMessageProtocol(ICMP)InternetGroupManagementProtocol(IGMP)AddressResolutionProtocol(ARP)TCP/IPUtilities传输控制协议

4、(TCP)IPICMPIGMPARPUDPTCP用户数据报协议(UDP)UDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARPInternet协议(IP)RouterUDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARPInternet控制消息协议(ICMP)UDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARPRouterInternet组管理协议(IGMP)UDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARP地址解析协议(ARP)UDPTCPIPICMPIGMPARPBCAARPCache214651.ARPcacheischecked2.ARPrequestissent3.ARPentryi

5、sadded4.ARPreplyissent5.ARPentryisadded6.IPpacketissentARPCache3TCP/IP工具Server-basedSoftwareDiagnosticUtilitiesConnectivityUtilitiesFtpTelnetTftpArpHostnameIpconfigNbstatNetstatPingTracertTCP/IPPrintingServiceInternetInformationServices数据的路由IP路由跨路由器的数据传输IP路由RouterPortion

6、ofRoutingTable192.168.1.0255.255.255.0192.168.1.1192.168.2.0255.255.255.0192.168.2.1192.168.3.0255.255.255.0192.168.3.1192.168.4.0255.255.255.0192.168.4.1192.168.5.0255.255.255.0192.168.5.1192.168.6.0255.255.255.0192.168.6.1192.168.7.0255.255.255.0192.168.7.1192.168.8.02

7、55.255.255.0192.168.8.1Isdestinationlocal?Yes,addthedestinationMACaddressNo,addtheRouter’sMACaddressAlwaysaddthedestination’sIPaddress跨路由器的数据传输VerifypacketDecreaseTTLIsdestinationlocal?Yes,addthedestinationMACaddressNo,addanotherRouter’sMACaddressVerifypacketVerifyIPa

8、ddressSendthepacketuptothenextlayerIsdestinationlocal?Yes,addthedestinationMACaddressNo,addtherouter’s