载人月面着陆地形障碍探测与规避方案研究.pdf

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1、第35卷第6期航天返回与遥感2014年12月SPACECRAFTRECOVERY&REMOTESENSING11载人月面着陆地形障碍探测与规避方案研究田林戚发轫果琳丽王平张有山（中国空间技术研究院载人航天总体部，北京100094）摘要月面地形障碍是影响载人着陆安全的关键因素之一，可能引起着陆器倾斜、结构损坏甚至倾覆。载人月面着陆除在总体任务规划时要选取平坦安全的着陆区外，还要进行实时在线的地形探测和障碍规避。文章对“阿波罗”计划和“星座”计划中的月面着陆飞行方案和飞行器进行调研，分析了载人月面着陆避障的任务要求和技术特点；结合着陆飞行任务，提出考

2、虑避障的飞行方案，分为高速运动中的粗避障和接近悬停后的精避障两个阶段；考虑月面着陆飞行状态以及光照、月尘等外部环境，设计载人月面着陆时由激光高度计、多普勒激光雷达以及闪光激光雷达组成避障敏感器系统；提出载人避障机动方案，采用接近段中制导目标调整、机动段六自由度控制以及缓速下降段滚动姿态机动等方法，并引入了航天员目测以检查月面地形障碍、选择月面着陆点以及手控进行终端避障机动控制。关键词载人月面着陆地形障碍探测避障机动控制人控避障月球探测中图分类号:V448.22文献标志码:A文章编号:1009-8518(2014)06-0011-09DOI:10.

3、3969/j.issn.1009-8518.2014.06.002StudyofTerrainHazardDetectionandAvoidanceSchemeforHumanLunarLandingTIANLinQIFarenGUOLinliWANGPingZHANGYoushan（InstituteofMannedSpaceSystemEngineering,ChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnology,Beijing100094,China）AbstractTerrainhazardonlunarsurfaceisakeyfa

4、ctorwhichinfluencesthesafetyofmannedlunarlanding,whichmayleadtolander'sslant,structuredamageandevenoverturn.Besideschoosingaflatandsafelandingareaduringthemissionplanningphase,onlineterrainhazarddetectionandavoidanceisalsonecessary.ThelunarlandingflightschemesandvehiclesofApo

5、lloandConstellationarestudied,andthetechnologyrequirementandcharacteristicareanalyzed.Thehazardavoidanceflightschemeisproposedcombinedwithlandingmission,whichiscomposedoftwophasesincludingcoarsephaseduringhighspeedandfinephaseafternearlysuspending.Basedonthelunarlandingflight

6、stateandenvironmentsuchaslightningandlunardust,ahazardavoidancesensorsystemisestablishedconsistingoflaseraltimeter,DopplerLIDARandflashLIDAR.Thehumanhazardavoidancemaneuverschemeisdesigned,whichutilizesguidancetargetadjustmentduringapproachingphase,6-DOFcontrolduringmaneuverp

7、haseandrollattitudemaneuverduringlowspeeddescentphase.Theastronautmanualcontrolisimportedintothecontrolloopincludinghumaninspectionoflunarsurfaceterrain,landingsitechoosingandmanualcontrolinthefinallandingphase.Keywordshumanlunarlanding;terrainhazarddetection;hazardavoidancem

8、aneuvercontrol;humanhazardavoidancecontrol;moonexploration收稿日期：2014-