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1、Sunyat-senMemorialHall中山纪念堂(LadiesandGentlemen:OurnextdestinationistheSunYat-senMemorialHall.TheSunYat-senMemorialHall,asitsnamesuggests,isastructurebuiltinhonorofapersonbythenameofSunYat-sen.DoyouknowwhoSunYat-senwas?)SunYat-senwastheforerunnerofChine
2、sebourgeoisdemocraticrevolution.HewasbornonNovember12,1866inafarmer’sfamilyintheCuihengVillageinXiangshanCounty(thepresent-dayZhongshanCity)inGuangdongProvince.Attheageof12,hewenttoHonolulu,wherehiselderbrothersenthimtoamissionaryschool.Later,hecamebac
3、ktoHongKongtostudyinacollegeofWesternmedicineand,aftergraduation,practicedmedicineinGuangzhouandMacao.So,eversincehewasachild,hehadbeeninfluencedbytheWesternideasofChristianityanddemocracyandthishadhelpedhimmakehismindtocuretheillsoftheoldfeudalChinaan
4、dturnitintoademocraticandstrongnation.Atfirst,hehadillusionsabouttheQinggovernmentandhopedtosavethismoribundregimethroughreforms.But,China’sdefeatsbyforeigninvadersandthecorruptionandincompetenceoftheQinggovernmentintensifiedhispatrioticindignation.Hed
5、ecidedthattheQingcourtwasrottentothecoreandmustbeoverthrownandreplacedbyademocraticrepublic.So,in1894,togetherwithsome20Chineseshop-keepersandfarm-ownersinHonolulu,heestablishedthefirstChinesebourgeoisrevolutionaryorganization–theSocietyfortheRevivalof
6、China(theXingZhongHui).Inthefollowingspring,hereturnedtoHongKongandstagedthefirstarmeduprisingagainsttheQingDynastyinGuangzhou;butitendedinfailure.Then,in1905,hewenttoJapan,wherehefoundedChina’sfirstpoliticalpartycalled“ChinaRevolutionaryLeague”(theTon
7、gMengHui),whichlaterdevelopedintotheNationalistParty(theGuomindang).Sincethen,hehadmadesuccessiveattemptstotoppletheQingregimeandfinallysucceededintheWuchangUprisingthatbrokeoutinOctober1911.TheQingregimewasoverthrownandhewaselectedtheprovisionalpresid
8、entoftheinterimgovernmentoftheRepublicofChinainNanjing.Thispoliticalpower,however,wassoontakenoverbythewarlords.Thenin1920,SunYat-sencamebacktoGuangzhoutosetupanewgovernmentcalledtheSouthRevolutionaryGovernment.In1921,heproclaimedhisext
