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时间:2020-03-19
《主动语态改被动语态的方法.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、一、主动语态改被动语态的方法 1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面: ①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语; ②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构; ③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。 2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况: ①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位; ②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如:Hegavetheboyanapple.→Theboywasgivenanapple.(或Anapplew
2、asgiventotheboy.)Herfatherboughtherapresent.→Shewasboughtapresentbyherfather.(或Apresentwasboughtforherbyherfather.) 3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。1、make/letsomebodydosomething→somebody+be+made/lettodosomething例:Thebossma
3、dethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.Theyletusgo.→wearelettogobythem.42、see/watchsomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seen/watchedtodosomething例:Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Theywatchedthechildrensin
4、gthatmorning.→Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning. 4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如:WecallhimXiaoWang.→HeiscalledXiaoWang.Hecuthishairshort.→Hishairwascutshort.Theytoldhimtohelpme.→Hewastoldtohelpme. 5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如:Wemusttak
5、egoodcareoftheyoungtrees.→Theyoungtreesmustbetakengoodcareof. 6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如:Peoplebelievethatheisill.→Itisbelievedthatheisill.(或:Heisbelievedtobeill.)二、被动语态的时态结构:1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is/a
6、m/are+及物动词的过去分词4Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Iamaskedtostudyhard.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-mad
7、esatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+be+及物动词的过去分词Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere
8、.→Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.6.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:
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