资源描述：
《《新编语言学教程》练习参考答案解析.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter1Introduction1.Definethefollowingtermsbriefly.(1)linguistics:thescientificorsystematicstudyoflanguage.(2)language:asystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.(3)arbitrariness:theabsenceofsimilaritybetweentheformofalinguisticsignandwhatitr
2、elatestoinreality,e.g.theworddogdoesnotlooklikeadog.(4)duality:thewaymeaninglesselementsoflanguageatonelevel(soundsandletters)combinetoformmeaningfulunits(words)atanotherlevel.(5)competence:knowledgeofthegrammarofalanguageasaformalabstractionanddistinctf
3、romthebehaviorofactuallanguageuse,i.e.performance.(6)performance:Chomsky’stermforactuallanguagebehaviorasdistinctfromtheknowledgethatunderliesit,orcompetence.(7)stylistics:thestudyofhowliteraryeffectscanberelatedtolinguisticfeatures.(8)phaticcommunion:La
4、nguageisusedtoestablishanatmosphereormaintainsocialcontactbetweenthespeakerandthehearer.(9)functionalism:thestudyoftheformsoflanguageinreferencetotheirsocialfunctionincommunication.(10)formalism:thestudyoftheabstractformsoflanguageandtheirinternalrelatio
5、ns.(11)synchroniclinguistics:thestudyoflanguageandspeechastheyareusedatagivenmomentandnotintermsofhowtheyhaveevolvedovertime.(12)diachroniclinguistics:thestudyoflinguisticchangeovertimeincontrasttolookingatlanguageasitisusedatagivenmoment.2.No,languageis
6、human-specific.Humanlanguagehassevendesignfeatures,includingarbitrariness,duality,productivity,interchangeability,displacement,specializationandculturaltransmission.Thesefeaturesarefoundutterlylackingindogs’orpigs’noisesandthussethumanlanguageapartfromani
7、malcrysystems.3.Arbitrarinessreferstothefactthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnectionbetweenaparticularsoundandthemeaningitisassociatedwith.Forexample,forthesameanimaldog,inEnglishwecallit/d0g/,inChineseas“gou”,but“yilu”inJapanese;itbarkswowwowinEnglishb
8、utwangwanginChinese.Ofcourse,onomatopoeticwordssuchas“quack-quack”and“bang”areexceptions,butwordslikethesearerelativelyfewcomparedwiththetotalnumberofwordsinalanguage.4.Ahumanbabydoesnotspeakanylanguageatbirth.Whatlanguage
