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1、GhostFestivalTheGhostFestival,alsoknownastheHungryGhostFestival,orYuLanpen（盂兰盆）isatraditionalChinesefestivalandholidaycelebratedbyChineseinmanycountries.IntheChinesecalendartheGhostFestivalisonthe15thnightoftheseventhlunarmonth(14thinsouthernChina).鬼节每年农历七月十五日为“
2、盂兰盆节”，“盂兰盆会”，也称“中元节”（一定意义上讲，中元节归属道教，盂兰盆节归属佛教），有些地方俗称“鬼节”、“施孤”，又称亡人节、七月半。“鬼节”，俗称“七月半”（有些地区,尤以华南为十三或十四，相传是宋代末年蒙古人入侵某地，居民为逃难而提早一天过节）。Origins1.BuddhismBuddhistsfromChinaandTaoistsclaimthattheGhostFestivaloriginatedwiththecanonical（权威的）scripturesofBuddhism,butmanyoft
3、hevisibleaspectsoftheceremoniesoriginatefromChinesefolkreligion,andotherlocalfolktraditions.Thisprocessofsyncretism(宗教合并）isnotlimitedtoChina:theghostfestivalhasparallelsinTheravadaBuddhism（小乘佛教）reflectingthesameassumptionsaboutanannualopeningofthegatesofhell,and
4、withthesameroleofKingYama（阎罗王）.InTangDynastyChina,theBuddhistfestivalUllambana（盂兰盆）(seebelow)andtheGhostFestivalweremixedandcelebratedtogether.OriginsThearhat(阿罗汉）[Sanskrit]Maudgalyāyana[Chinese:Mu-lien目连]andhismotherAfterheattainedarhatship,hebegantothinkdeeply
5、ofhisparents,andwonderedwhathappenedtothem.Heusedhisclairvoyance（千里眼）toseewheretheywererebornandfoundhisfatherintheheavenlyrealmsi.e.therealmofthegods.However,hismotherhadbeenreborninalowerrealm,knownasAviciHell（无间地狱）,ortheRealmof HungryGhosts.Hismothertookonthe
6、formofa hungryghost (preta) –socalledbecauseitcouldnoteatduetoitshighlythinandfragilethroatinwhichnofoodcouldpassthrough,yetitwasalwayshungrybecauseithadafatbelly.OriginsHehadinstructedhertokindlyhostanyBuddhistmonksthatevercameherway,butinsteadshewithheldherkin
7、dnessandhermoney.Itwasforthisreasonshewasrebornintherealmofhungryghosts.MaudgalyāyanasoughttheBuddha‘sadvicetohelphismothergainahumanbirth.TheBuddhaestablishedadayafterthetraditionalsummerretreat(the14thdayoftheseventhmonthinthelunarcalendar,)onwhichMaudgalyāyan
8、awastoofferfoodandrobestofivehundredbhikkhus（比丘，梵语和尚）.Throughthemeritscreated,Maudgalyāyana'smotherfinallygainedahumanbirth.Origins1.Taoism道教认为产生天地万物的三个基本元素是天、地、水，即“三
