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1、非谓语动词复习纲要（三）——不定式南开大学附中张少华【基本概念】不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一，具有名词、形容词、副词的性质，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。使用不定式时，大多数情况下要带有不定式的符号“to”，少数情况不用“to”。1.不定式做主语。不定式做主语时，通常使用形式主语。而将做主语的不定式放在句子的后面。Ithinkitwouldbeagoodideatohavecommentsfromsecretariesandtypistswhoarealreadyusingit.(P.25,SeniorBoo
2、k3)Howlongwillittakeyoutocompletethetrip?(P.9,SeniorBook2B)2.不定式做宾语。Ihavedecidedtotakealotofcabbageinvinegar.(P.7,SeniorBook3)Agriculturefirststartedabout10,000yearsago,whenpeoplebegantogrowcropsintherivervalleysoftheNileinEgypt,intheMiddleEastandinIndia.（P.20,SeniorBook
3、3）不定式做宾语时也有使用形式宾语的问题，但必须同时具备两个条件：①有宾语补足语。②宾语是动词不定式短语或宾语从句。Thedustyairmakesitdifficulttogetaclearpictureofspace.(P.10,SeniorBook2B)以上句子中，it为形式宾语；difficult为宾语补足语；不定式短语togetaclearpictureofspace是真宾语。3.不定式做表语Ithasbeenprovedthatthewaytoproducethemostfoodistoletfarmersgrowcrops
4、eithertofeedtheirfamilyortosell.(P.22,SeniorBook3)Abettermethodistotakewastefarouttoseainshipswherethewindandwavesbreakitdown.(P.32.SeniorBook3)4.不定式做定语…butitisthoughtthat500millionpeopleintheworlddonothaveenoughtoeat,thatisaboutoneinten.(P.20,SeniorBook3)Farmershavether
5、ighttoselltheircropstotheEU.(P.22,SeniorBook3)5.不定式做状语Third,alotofirrigatedlandhasbecometoosaltytogrowplants.(P.20,SeniorBook3)本句中的togrowplants是hasbecometoosalty的结果状语。Variousthingscanbedonetoincreasethefoodsupplyintheworld.)P.20,SeniorBoo9k3)toincreasethefoodsupplyinthew
6、orld是目的状语。不定式表示目的极为常见。有时为了强调目的,可以用inorderto或soasto；有时将不定式短语置于句首也是表示目的常见用法。Cookwentupanddowntheriverinordertochartallthedangerousrock.(P.8,SeniorBook3)Thelionlookedatherassheswungtheporkinherhandsoastoattractthelion’sattention.(P.69,SeniorBook2A)Tobecomeatopgymnist,itisim
7、portanttostartwhenveryyoung.(P.50,SeniorBook3)Todothat,itmustfindaplacewhereitcankeepfairlywarm;anditmustbeaplacewhereitsenemycannotfindit.(P.68,SeniorBook3)onlytodo是不定式做结果状语的典型用法，这种“结果”往往是预想不到的。YesterdayIwenttoseehimonlytofindhehadbeenawayonbusiness.Hegottothestationonl
8、ytobetoldthetrainhadgone.6.不定式做宾语补足语不定式做宾语补足语时有两种情况：绝大多数做宾语补足语的不定式用带to的动词不定式；动词see,hear,watch,feel,noti
