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1、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则 动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1.规则变化 1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked,work—worked 2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved,dance—danced 3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried,study—studied 4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed，如stop—stopped,per
2、mit—permitted 注：A.以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlled；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。 B.特例：picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐)，traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易，在…通行） 另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。(见后) C.读音与说明: ①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]:helped,lik
3、ed,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped ②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]:believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed ③.-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]:wanted,needed,admitted,permitted 2.不规则变化 英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可主要分为几种情况。【AAA型】： put—put—putcut—cut—cutshut—shut—shutset—set—set
4、hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtcost—cost—cost★read/ri:d/—read/red/—read/red/let—let—letforecast—forecast—forecast,burst—burst—burstbroadcast—broadcast—broadcastcast—cast—castspread—spread—spreadbid1—bid—bid出价recast—recast—recastbet—bet—betrid—rid—ridreset—reset—reset【AB
5、B型】：(原形→aught/ought→aught/ought)*catchcaughtcaught*teachtaughttaughtbringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthought【原形→元音变化→元音变化】：sitsatsatmeetmetmetfindfoundfoundgetgotgotstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwinwonwonholdheldheldshineshoneshonedigdu
6、gdughanghung/hangedhung/hanged【原形→“…t”→“…t”】loselostlostbuildbuiltbuiltspillspiltspiltspoilspoiltspoiltsendsentsentspendspentspentsmellsmeltsmeltfeelfeltfeltmeanmeantmeantlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedlendlentlent【原形→“…d”→“…d”】hearheardheardmakemademadehave(has
7、)hadhadpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidlaylaidlaidsellsoldsoldtelltoldtold【“ee/ea”→“e..t”→“e..t”】sleepsleptsleptsweepsweptsweptkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleft【ABC型】：(原形→变形→原形+en/ne)be(am,is)wasbeenbe(are)werebeenseesawseendodiddonegowentgonebeatbeatbeateneatateeatengivegavegivenh
8、idehidhiddenfallfellfallenmistakemistookmistakentaketooktakendrivedrovedrivenriseroserisenrideroderiddenwritewrotewritten原形→“-o-”→“过去式-n”)breakbrokebrok
