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1、第一章美式英语发音规则概要Asaresultofreductionmadetostressedsyllables,mostvowelsinthesesyllablesarepronouncedastheschwa,/E/,asin,conditionoravailable.Thisvowelisrepresentedbyasymbolthatlookslikeanupside-downe.ThisisasymboloftheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA).Theschwaistheshortesta
2、ndmostsimplesoundinEnglishspeech,anditisthemostfrequentlyusedsound.Othervowelsusedofteninunstressedsyllablesarethevowel/I/,asincitizen,and/Er/aninother.(由于在重音发音过程中一些音节的发音被减弱,许多元音在发音时变成了中元音,如condition和available两个单词中的/E/音。/E/音是国际音标(IPA)中的一个,很像倒过来写的字母e。中元音是英语中最短最简单的一个音,但也是最
3、常见的一个音。另外,还有一些非重读音节中的元音,如citizen中的/I/音,及其他词中的/Er/音。)………………………………………………………………………………………………………..AttheWordLevel(词的发音)Withinaword,pitchrisestoitshighestlevelonthesyllablewithprimarystress.Fromthereitfalls,orrisesmore.Thisinflectioninpitchismadeasastep,orasaglide.Followingaree
4、xamples:(在单词中,音调升至重音音节的位置,然后开始下降,或者继续升高。这种音调的变化分为阶音型和滑音型,如下例:)lSTEPINFLECTION-Pitchstepsfromthestressedsyllableontoanunstressedsyllable.Listentoexamplespokenwithafallinginflection.(阶音型变化—音调由重音转为非重音。如以下列举的单词均以降调发音。)simpleamazingaccurateimpossibleNowlistentothesamewordsspo
5、kenwithrisinginflection.(再看看如何以升调来读以上几个单词。)simpleamazingaccurateimpossibleGLIDINGINFLECTION-Pitchglidersonthesyllablewithprimarystresswhenthewordconsistsofonesyllable,orwhenthatsyllableendsaword.Listentoexampleswithfallinginflection:(滑音型变化—当单词仅由一个音节构成时,或单词词尾为重音时,单词发音为滑音型
6、音调变化。如下列各词以降调发音为:)nowagreedguaranteedNowlistentothesamewordswitharisinginflection.(再看看如何以升调读以上同样的音调。)nowagreedguaranteedRepeatthefollowingwordsusingafallinginflection:(试用降调跟读下列各词:)moneycorrectexpensiveanimalneverenoughforevercustomeropentodaytomorrowmanagerapplicationres
7、ponsibilityqualificationobligationdemonstrationRepeatthefollowingusingarisinginflection:(试用升调跟读下列各词:)nevertodayforeverobligationresponsibilityqualification虚词例词冠词a,an,the,any,some动词(助动词)is,are,am,do,does,did连词and,but,if,or情态动词can,will,could,should,would介词in,on,of,into,abo
8、ut,with实词例词名词personplacething动词gorunthink形容词goodbadalright副词veryalmostquiteBEYONDTHEWORDLEVEL(短语和句子的发音)