《意大利统一》PPT课件.ppt

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1、第十二章意大利的统一TheUnificationofItaly提纲：一、统一前的意大利和统一运动中的两个派别；二、1859年的对奥战争；三、西西里的农民起义和加利波第的远征；四、意大利王国的建立和意大利统一的最后完成；ItalyBeforetheUnification统一前的意大利(12-1-1)1.KingdomofSardinia（撒丁王国）2.LombardyandVenetia（伦巴第·威尼西亚王国）3.Parma（帕尔马公国）(theduchies)4.Modena（莫德纳公国）5.Tuscany（托斯坎尼公国）6.Pap

2、alStates（教皇领地）7.KingdomoftheTwoSiciliesMazzini（1805-72）马志尼(12-2-2)Italianpatriotandrevolutionist.Hefounded(1831)YoungItaly,asecretsocietywiththeaimofmakingItalyaunitedIndependentrepublic.Fromexile,heorganizedaseriesofunsuccessfulrevoltsinItaly,andhelpedtoestablishashor

3、t-livedrepublicinRoma(1849).HisrelianceonsecretrevolutionarymethodsprovedlesseffectiveinunitingItalythanthemorepracticalpoliciesofCavour.Cavour(1810-61)加富尔(12-2-3)Piedmontese皮埃蒙特statesman.AspremierofSardinia(1852-59,1860-61)hegainprestigeforhiscountrybyinterveningtheCr

4、imeanWar.AfterhispactwithNapoleonⅢatPlombieres普隆比埃尔(1858)heprovokedwarwithAustria(1859)andobtainedannexationofSouthernItalianstatesinthenewkingdomofItaly(1861).Garibaldi(1807-82)加里波第(12-2-3)Italianpatriotandsoldier.HefoughtagainsttheAustriansinLombardy(1848-49)anddefen

5、ded保卫therepublicestablished(1849)inRomabyMazzini.With1000volunteers,his“Redshirts”,hecaptured夺取(1860)SicilyandNaplesfromtheBourbons波旁,addingthemtotheterritoryacquiredintheNorthbyCavourtoform(1861)thekingdomofItaly.GaribaldiandMazzini加里波第与马志尼(12-2-4)VictorEmmanuelⅡ（1820

6、-78）维克多·艾曼努尔二世(12-3-1)LastkingofSardinia(1849-61)andfirstkingofItaly(1861-78).WiththeaidofCavour,hecarriedoutmanyliberalreformsandobtainedFrenchsupportindrivingtheAustriansfromNorthItaly(1859).TheUnificationofItaly(1850stothe1870s)意大利的统一过程1、1815年的撒丁王国2、1859-60年所获领土3、18

7、60-70年所获领土ItalianStates1858Italy1875统一前后的意大利