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1、名词性从句名词性从句包括:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词有:a.连接词:that,whether,if(这三个词都不作从句的成分,只起连接的作用,同时,that无含义,而whether和if都表“是否”)b.连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which(起连接作用,有意义,做成分,在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等)c.连接副词:when,where,why,how(起连接作用,有意义,做成分,在从句中担当状语) (一)主语从句在复合句中充当主语的从句。1.that引导主语从句that引导主语从句时
2、既无词义也不作成分,只起连接作用,且通常不可以省。为了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时,that不可省。 ①thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwasobvious. ②thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.★通常,that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语,把从句置于句尾,此时that有时可省。例如: ①itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar. ②itmadeusveryhappythatshewaschosen.★如果以that从句
3、为主语的句子是疑问句,就只能用先行词it结构。例如:①isitcertainthathewillcome?②isittruethathewouldtaketherisk?▲it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构:(1)it+be+形容词+that-从句itislikelythathewillcome.itisimportantthathe(should)attendthemeeting.itisbestthathe(should)go. 此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时,that从句中的谓语动词也常用(should)do。常见的有A)Itisne
4、cessary(important,natural,strange,etc)……that……itisstrangethatnooneshouldhaveobjectedtotheplan.(2)it+be+名词+that-从句 itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish... it'sapitythatheshouldhavemassedthetrain.(3)it+be+-ed分词+that从句 itissaidthatheisafamouswriter. itisreportedthattherew
5、illbeastormthisafternoon.▲在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中,that从句中的谓语动词常用(should)do。itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beheldthisafternoon.itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.(4)it+seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句。(look不接that从句,它接tobe结构或形容词)itseemsthatheiswrong.itappearsthattheyareinurgen
6、tneedofhelp.helooks(tobe)surprised/happy/sad.2.whether引导主语从句,意为“是否”,只起连接作用,不充当任何成分。(置于句首时必须用whether引导,置于句尾时,间或可用if。)whetherhewillwinthegameisnotclear.itisnotclearwhether/ifhewillcome.3.连词代词what,who,which,whose等引导的主语从句。 这些连接代词作用相当于代词,在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。whatweneedismoretime.whose
7、bookitisnotimportant.whichschoolyouwanttogomattersmuch.4.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的主语从句。 这些连接副词相当于副词,在从句中充当状语。whyhedidthisisnotknown.whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.注意wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句,表示“无论什么”、“
8、无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在(到)哪里”等。whoevertoldyoutogiveupsmokingw