影响人体运动的环境因素ppt课件.ppt

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1、EnvironmentalFactorsAffectingHumanPerformance影响人体运动能力的环境因素1HeatHeatSources热源MetabolicheatproductionExerciseShiveringThyroxineSympatheticQ10EffectHeatbalanceHeatproductionHeatlossRadiationConductionConvectionEvaporation2ClimaticHeatStress气候热应激temperature温度r

2、adiantenergy辐射能windvelocity风速Humidity湿度WBGT湿球球形温度计3TheWetBulbGlobeTemperature(WBGT)heatstressindex=(outdoors)(0.7*Twb)+(0.2*Tg)+(0.1*Tdb)(indoors)(0.7*Twb)+(0.3*Tdb)4MetabolicHeatStress代谢热应激Intenseexercisemayincreasethemetabolicenergyexpenditure20-25timeso

3、verrestinglevels剧烈运动可使能量消耗比安静时增加20-25倍3/4metabolicenergyisheat,whichthebodymustdissipate代谢能量的3/4是成为热量，必须排出体外5PhysiologicResponses生理反应Increasecardiacoutput增加心输出量Redistributebloodfromthevisceralorganstotheworkingmusclesandskin内脏与活动肌肉和皮肤之间的血液再分配6Mechanismsres

4、ponseforheatexchangeatskinsurface皮肤表面的热交换机制Convection对流Transferheatfromworkingmusclesandskinsurface将热由工作的肌肉和皮肤表面转送出去It’sdependon1.Thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenskinandtheenvironment皮肤温度和周围环境温度的差别2.Theheattransfercoefficient热传递系数7Conduction传导Itdependsupo

5、ndirectcontactbetweenskinandacoolerobject.取决于皮肤与较冷物体的直接接触8Radiation辐射Includingsolarradiationandradiantheatfromtracks,roads,andsurroundingstructures包括太阳辐射和由跑道、道路及周围建筑而来的热辐射Determinant决定因素Thetemperaturegradientbetweenskinandenvironment皮肤和环境间的温度差9Evaporation蒸

6、发Themostimportantheatdissipationmechanisminwarmenvironments是最重要的散热方式Morethan80%ofbodyheatlossisachievedbyevaporationwhenenvironmentaltemperatureexceeds20℃当环境温度超过20℃时，80%以上的机体散热是通过蒸发实现的Determinant：evaporativeheattransfercoefficient决定因素:蒸发热转移系数10Acclimatizat

7、ion气候适应Fullacclimatizationcanbeachievedonlywithrepeatedboutsofexerciseintheheat完全对热产生适应需要在热环境中多次重复运动Trainingshouldbebeginwithareducedintensity(60-70%oftheusualload)toavoidheatinjury训练应从小强度（正常训练负荷的60-70%）开始以避免热损伤11PerformanceSweatrateintheskinareasexposedto

8、heatishigher,thusenhancingevaporativecapacity暴露皮肤的出汗率较高，提高了蒸发能力Bodycoretemperatureislower,asheatdissipationismoreefficient由于散热更有效，中心温度更低Thecore-skintemperaturegradientisprominent皮肤与中心温差增大Theperceptionofheatst