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时间:2020-03-14
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1、英美文化背景知识lEducationinBritainandtheUSInBritainallchildrenhavetogotoschoolbetweentheagesof5and16.IntheUSchildrenmustgotoschoolfromtheageof6tobetweentheagesof14and16,dependingonthestatetheylivein.SubjectInEnglandandWalesthesubjectstaughtinschoolsarelaiddownbytheNationalCurriculum(课程),wh
2、ichwasintroducedin1988andsetsout(制定)indetailthesubjectsthatchildrenshouldstudyandthelevelsofachievementtheyshouldreachbytheagesof7,11,14and16,whentheyaretested.TheNationalCurriculumdoesnotapplyinScotland,whereeachschooldecideswhatsubjectsitwillteach.IntheUSthesubjectstaughtaredecide
3、dbynationalandlocalgovernments.WhereasBritishschoolsusuallyhaveprayers(祈祷)andreligious(宗教的)instruction,Americanschoolsarenotallowedtoincludeprayersortoteachparticularreligiousbeliefs(信仰).ExaminationsAt16studentsinEnglandandWalestakeGCSEexaminations.Theseexaminationsaretakenbystudent
4、sofalllevelsofabilityinanyofarangeofsubjectsandmayinvolveafinalexamination,anassessment(评价)ofworkdoneduringthetwoyearcourse,orbothofthesethings.At18somestudentstakenA-levelexaminations,usuallyinnotmorethan3subjects.ItisnecessarytohaveA-levelsinordertogotoauniversityorpolytechnic(综合技
5、术大学).InScotlandstudentstaketheSCEexaminations.Ayearlater,theycantakeexaminationscalledHIGHS,afterwhichtheycaneithergostraighttoauniversityorspendafurtheryearatschoolandtaketheCertificate(证书)ofSixthYearStudies.InScotlandtheuniversitysystemisdifferenttothatinEnglandandWales.Coursesusu
6、allylastfouryearsratherthanthreeandstudentsstudyalargernumberofsubjectsaspartoftheirdegree.IntheUSschoolexaminationsarenotasimportantastheyareinBritain.StudentsinHighSchoolsdohaveexamsattheendoftheirlasttwoyears,butthesefinalexamsareconsideredalongwiththeworkthatthestudentshavedoned
7、uringtheschoolyears.SocialEventsandCeremonies(仪式)InAmericanhighschoolsthereisaformalceremonyforGraduation(=completionofhighschool).Studentswearaspecialcapandgownandreceiveadiploma(文凭)fromtheheadoftheschool.Studentsoftenbuyaclassringtoear,andayearbook,containingpicturesoftheirfriends
8、andteachers.Therear
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