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1、CHARLESDICKENS:THEAUTHORANDHISTIMESDickensisoneoftheworld'sbest-lovedwriters,andGreatExpectationsmaybeDickens'mostautobiographicalwork.ThenarratorofGreatExpectations,Pip,is,incontrast,amanofmanyfaults,whohidesnoneofthemfromthereader.IfPipisaself-portrait,Dickensmusthavebeenareservoir(2.储藏,汇集)ofinf
2、erioritycomplexes,guilt,andshame.ManyotheraspectsofGreatExpectationsareautobiographical,too.ThebeginningofthenovelissetshortlyafterDickens'birthdate(1812)inthecountryofhischildhood--theKentishcountrysidebythesea(thenearestlargetownisRochester,whereMissHavishamlives).Dickenswasn'tanorphan,asPipis,b
3、uthemaywellhavefeltlikeone.Hisparents,JohnandElizabethDickens,weresociable,pleasantpeople,butMrs.DickenswasacarelesshousekeeperandMr.Dickens,aminorcivilservantalwaysspentmoremoneythanhemade.WhenCharles,whowastheeldestboy,wasnine,theDickensespulleduprootsandmovedtoLondontotrytolivemorecheaply.Charl
4、eswasappalledbythecramped,grubbyhousetheylivedinthere,andevenmoreashamedwhenhisfatherwasarrestedandtakentodebtors'prison.TherestoftheDickenseswereallowedtomoveintoprisonwiththeirfather,buttwelve-year-oldCharleshadtoliveonhisownoutside.Hismotherarrangedforhimtogetajobinafilthy,rat-infestedwarehouse
5、,pastinglabelsonbottlesofbootblacking(akindofshoepolish).Thistimeofhislifewassomiserablethathenevertoldanyone,notevenhisownwifeorchildren,aboutit.Hewascalled"theyounggentleman"bytheotherboysatthefactory,whoresentedhisairofbeingbetterthantheywere.Buthedidfeelthathe'dcomedowninlife,andhedevelopedabi
6、ttersenseofambitionandself-reliance:hevowednevertolethimselfbepoororindebtagain.Thissituationlastedonlyafewmonths;thenJohnDickensreceivedaninheritancefromarichaunt(awindfallofmoneyalsocropsupinGreatExpectations)andthefamilymovedoutofprison.Aftermuchpleading,Charleswasallowedtoquithisjob,buthenever
7、forgavehisparentsformakinghimtakeit.Yetlater,whenhegrewupandbecamewealthy,hisirresponsibleparentsblithelyspongedoffhim,untilhebasicallyhadtodisownthem.It'snowonderthathisbooksarefullofinadequateparentswhohavewarp
