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1、市政工程给排水科学与工程专业英语1Unit1HydrologicCycleImportantWordsandExpressionshydrologyn.水文学,水文地理学reservoirn.蓄水池;贮液器;储藏;蓄积evaporationn.蒸发,发散;消失condensationn.冷凝;冷凝液;凝结的水珠;节略precipitationn.匆促;沉淀;(雨等)降落;某地区降雨等的量figuren.数字;算术;图解;轮廓vt.估计;推测;认为2replenishvt.补充;重新装满;把…装满sedimentatio
2、nn.沉淀,沉降evaportranspirationn.作物腾发量sublimaten.升华物vt.(使某物质)升华;使净化;纯化infiltrationn.渗透residencetime停留时间deforestationn.采伐森林,森林开伐afforestationn.造林,造林地区aquifern.地下蓄水层,砂石含水层3Thehydrologiccycle,alsoknownasthewatercycleorH2Ocycle,describesthecontinuousmovementofwateron,abo
3、veandbelowthesurfaceoftheearth.Watercanchangestatesamongliquid,vapour,andsolidatvariousplacesinthewatercycle.AlthoughthebalanceofwateronEarthremainsfairlyconstantovertime,individualwatermoleculescancomeandgo,inandoutoftheatmosphere.Thewatermovesfromonereservoirto
4、another,suchasfromrivertoocean,orfromtheoceantotheatmosphere,bythephysicalprocessesofevaporation,condensation,precipitation,infiltration,runoff,andsubsurfaceflow.[1]Insodoing,thewatergoesthroughdifferentphases:liquid,solid,andgas.4Thewatercycleinvolvestheexchange
5、ofheatenergy,whichleadstotemperaturechanges.Forinstance,intheprocessofevaporation,watertakesupenergyfromthesurroundingsandcoolstheenvironment.Conversely,intheprocessofcondensation,waterreleasesenergytoitssurroundings,warmingtheenvironment.Thewatercyclefiguressign
6、ificantlyinthemaintenanceoflifeandecosystemsonEarth.Evenaswaterineachreservoirplaysanimportantrole,thewatercyclebringsaddedsignificancetothepresenceofwateronourplanet.5Bytransferringwaterfromonereservoirtoanother,thewatercyclepurifieswater,replenishesthelandwithf
7、reshwater,andtransportsmineralstodifferentpartsoftheglobe.[2]ItisalsoinvolvedinreshapingthegeologicalfeaturesoftheEarth,throughsuchprocessesaserosionandsedimentation.Inaddition,asthewatercyclealsoinvolvesheatexchange,itexertsaninfluenceonclimateaswell.6Thesun,whi
8、chdrivesthewatercycle,heatswaterinoceansandseas.Waterevaporatesaswatervaporintotheair.Iceandsnowcansublimatedirectlyintowatervapor.Evapotranspirationiswatertra