科技论文写作综述.ppt

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1、GeneralIntroductiontoESTWritingAstandardpattern•Introduction•Methods(Experimental)•Results•Discussion•Conclusions–(Acknowledgements//References/Appendices)BEGINNINGMIDDLEEND•Abstract(Summary)–isacompletelyseparatepieceofwritingthatdescribesthecontentoftheart

2、icleIntroductionOnepurpose-topreparereadersforthe“middle”ofthepaper(the“Results”ofyourwork)–providestherelevantbackgroundtounderstandingtheresearchincludesresultsofothercloselyrelatedresearch–providesaclearindicationastowhatproblemareyouaddressing,orwhatideay

3、ouwishtopresent–providesanideaofwhatinformation(sometimesexplicitly)willbepresentedinthearticleTheIntroductionisthemostimportantpartofthepaper–andthehardesttowritewellwhatthesectionshouldn’tcontain–yourresults–resultsareassumedtobeotherpeople’swork.Ifyouinclu

4、dethemhereyouriskconfusingthereader–“Section3willpresenttheresults.Insection4wewilldiscusstheresultsthenfinallywewillpresentsomeconcludingremarksinsection5”–3:Results–4:Discussion–5:Conclusionsredundantinformation(notconcise)–avoid!!Introductionsometimesanout

5、linecanbeusefulhowever–“Firstthemethodsusedforthemeasurementsareexplained,andtheirsuitabilityforuseindeterminingthedislocationdensityjustified.Insection3amodelisdevelopedthatrelatesdislocationdensitytocreep-rate.Theexperimentalresultsofdislocationdensityareth

6、enusedtomakepredictionsofcreep-ratesinthematerial.Finallyinsection4someofthelimitationsofthemodelareanalyzed,andtherequiredaccuracyinexperimentalcreep-ratemeasurementstotestthemodelisdiscussedifyouuseanoutline,makesureitisuseful!ingeneralonlyforlongerpapers,a

7、ndthosewithnon-standardlayoutIntroductionSection:Experimental(Methods)•alsopreparesthereaderforthemiddleofthepaper•howdidyoucarryouttheexperiments?•informationisputherethatwoulddistractthereaderinthe“Resultssection”–detailsofroutineprocesses,standardmethods,e

8、quipmentsuppliers•for“techniquepapers”–standardproceduresused–outlineofthenewtechniquesyouhavedeveloped(thedetailsareyourresultsinthiscase)Section:Experimental(Methods)(cont.)•Theinformat