生产者理论知识(000001).ppt

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1、李永波TheFirm:ProductionAdvancedMicroEconomicsInthislecturewesetoutsomeoftheelementsneededforananalysisofthefirmTechnicalefficiencyReturnstoscaleConvexitySubstitutabilityMarginalproducts...and(fornexttime)assumingacompetitiveenvironment.Wedoitwithinthecontex

2、tofasingle-outputfirm...Butfirstweneedthebuildingblocksofamodel...Thebasicsofproduction...ziamountofinputiQamountofoutputThebasicsofproduction...inputvectorz:=(z1,z2,...,zm)wipriceofinputiw:=(w1,w2,...,wm)inputpricevectorPpriceofoutputNotation:PricesQ£G(z

3、1,z2,....,zm)Thesingle-outputproductionfunctionWrittenmorecompactlyQ£G(z)technologyoutputYes,butwhynot"="signhere?inputsThemeaningofthefunctionthemaximumamountofoutputthatcanbeproducedfromthislistofinputsUsethisrelationtodistinguishtwocases...Componentsof

4、therelationshipQ

5、fficientpointsQ>G(z,z)12infeasiblepointsQ=G(z,z)12technicallyefficientpointsNowlet’sslicethissetuptogetsomeusefultoolsThefullproductionfunctionPickaparticularoutputlevelQZ(Q):={z:G(z)³Q}FindafeasibleinputvectorzG(z)³QRepeattofindallsuchinputvectorsInputre

6、quirementsetsZ(Q):={z:G(z)³Q}thesetofinputvectorsthatmeetthetechnicalfeasibilityconditionforoutputlevelQ......butwhatwouldZlooklike??Thisdependsontheassumptionswemakeaboutproduction...First,a“standard”case...?Whatisthisthing...?z1z2G(z,z)=`Q12infeasiblepo

7、ints_Z(Q)technicallyefficientpointsfeasible,butinefficientpointsG(z,z)<`Q12G(z,z)>`Q12Theinputrequirementset:z1z2z¢z²PicktwoboundarypointsDrawthelinebetweenthemIntermediatepointsmustlieintheinteriorofZmeaning:acombinationoftwotechniquesmayproducemoreoutpu

8、tG(z¢)=`QG(z²)=`QG(z)>`QButwhatifwechangedsomeoftheassumptionshere?_Z(Q)Case1:Zissmoothandstrictlyconvexz1z2_Z(Q)z¢z²PickanytwopointsinZDrawthelinebetweenthemIntermediatepointsmustlieinZmeaning:acombinationoffeasibl